Variety and Speech Community free essay sample

Diglossia is the relationship between two or more codified dialects that are used in the same speech community under different circumstances. Diglossia is categorised into two important hallmarks, the (H) high function which is seen as the superior dialect that is based on a grammatical system. It is formalised of rules, hence allowing thoughts and ideas to be expressed logically. However, the (L) function is connected to the standardised language of the speech community. It is used to express ideas and feelings close to one’s thoughts. The (L) variety is the first dialect that is taught to children as the mother tongue language followed by the (H) variety in schools. It is important however, to be able to distinguish between the context in which both the (H) and (L) varieties are used otherwise the individual is seen as a mockery. However, the ability to use both the (H) and (L) varieties in one speech community is acceptable as they can be used to complement each other when used in the right context. We will write a custom essay sample on Variety and Speech Community or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page An example of the (H) and (L) variety is evident in the Arabic speech community, the Arabs are expected to use the (H) variety for education, politics and religion, as the (L) variety is not accepted in formal domains unless used to explain the ideas or concepts further. Thus, diglossia does play an important role within specific speech communities; however it is evident that trends of diglossia are continuously changing. Over time the change of trends can result in the (H) function of dialect fading due to the increase use of the (L) variety as the standard language. This can be problematic as the (H) variety is connected to religion, literature and education. In addition, the change between the (H) and (L) variety of a language in different domains can result in learning difficulties later on in life.

History of Republicanism Essays

History of Republicanism Essays History of Republicanism Essay History of Republicanism Essay Essay Topic: On Liberty The Republic Introduction A wise man once said, you cannot know where you going if you do not know where you are from. These wise words had the intention of reminding people how important history is and why it should not be overlooked. As much as history remains unchanged and there is nothing that can be done to change it, history defines and gives us a sense of belonging. It is through history that we get to learn a lot of things about our past, in the both lines of success and failure. What is republicanism In the history of United States, republicanism has been a major political philosophy ever since its founding. This philosophy was founded in the mid-18thcentury by the Founding Fathers. The Founding Fathers refers to the thirteen individuals of each British Colony in North America. They are called the Founding Fathers because of the great roles they played in liberating the United States of America against the British rule. They are directly affiliated with the liberation of the Americans from colonization. It also refers to those who took part in signing the Declaration of Independence. They came up with the philosophy of Republicanism which had its basis on liberty and campaigning for individual rights. The Founding Fathers are also knows as the leaders of the free world as they made United States citizens sovereign and rejected systems such as monarch and aristocracy. The Great Awakening Definition The Great Awakening refers to a movement that was in British America and Protestant Europe. This movement was evangelical and based on revitalization. The most impacted group by this movement was the American colonies. The values and enlightenment it brought played a crucial role in the attainment of independence of the United States of America. The Great Awakening left a large impact on Protestants in America. The teachings and values upheld by the Great Awakening had a lot to do with personal salvation. The listeners obtained a need of salvation and Jesus Christ was the way to that. Several rituals were done away with during this period such as: hierarchy and ceremonies. Ethics and personal morality were highly advocated for. Connection The two movements have a lot in common. The first teaching that they both advocate for is the freedom of individual. The Great Awakening preached for personal reflection and salvation from evil. People were being asked to accept Jesus Christ who is the key to salvation so as to free them from evil and sins. On the other hand, Republicanism was against colonization and stressed on individual rights as paramount. Republicanism was all about the freedom of people to choose and decide their lives in the lines of politics, leadership, economic activities and lifestyle. Secondly, the two movements had a sense of rebellion. They were formed to oppose the normal way of life that they were not contented with. Republicanism was against colonization and denial of liberty. They did not like how leadership of the states was decided by selected few and the rest had no say. They were against the idea that individual rights were not put to consideration and that the independence of citizens was limited in so many ways. The Great Awakening was against the Protestant way of life. They were against the various rituals conducted and wanted to enhance Christianity.

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 48

Case Study Example There are similarities between the two leaders. They both support communication that is critical to any organizations success. Problems can be detected fast and allow decision makers to execute as illustrated in the ship sending a message informing the other party. In Semco giving opinions on opportunities and advancements gave room for participation and involvement to workers. Creativity and innovation was also a great mover of the two. Giving opportunities to both teams gave them a chance to exploit new ways of carrying out their respective duties. In Michael’s ship idea, the young were well trained but they did not have a room for improvement. However, practicing discipline without formalism made them generate new ideas. It was amazing to see what it brought to the firm through removing bureaucratic system and empowering the workers. Flexibility, respect, dignity and maintaining quality of life drove the firms to success. In Semco, they could choose the times for their respective duties, how to dress that motivated them. Offering responsibility and not orders, devotion changed the ship operations However, the two differ in relation to their organizational philosophy where in the beginning Semler viewed an autocratic leadership style but later came to adapt a democratic style. Michael was involved knowing every crewmember of the ship and better understood their problems and see how he could improve their lives. On the other hand, Semler’s leadership was mainly concentrated on performance and strategies. He, however, was forced by circumstances in the end to listen to workers since they were the pillar to the firm. Change was essential; Michael’s ship was mainly changed through direct involvement of the young crewmembers bringing their ideas on board while Semco change came because of economic cycles and the firm had to do something to save its

Globalization Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Globalization - Annotated Bibliography Example th and early twentieth centuries due to European imperialism and colonialism but it continues in todays global environment due to new information and communication technologies. A firm aspiring today to be successful must be adaptable and flexible in a globalized environment. Most businesses today place globalization as one of their top concerns. This is because globalization is the future of any successful business; it is a rapidly-growing challenge as the world economy gets more integrated due to the accelerating trend of globalization. Any firm that aspires to be successful must tackle the issue of globalization, in particular the cultural or local characteristics of a foreign national market. This means management must consider the local context when making vital decisions such as on strategy, hiring or marketing. Although global markets can be considered as borderless, there are local issues that need to be solved or considered when entering or penetrating a new market (OMeara, Mehlinger, & Krain 101). It may be incorrect to adapt a one-size fits-all global strategy when it comes to national markets because countries can differ significantly on cultural practices and beliefs. There is truth to an old adage when it concerns globalization and is a goo d warning: Think global but act local. Perhaps the most challenging part of globalization is the management of people who belong to various ethnic groups. Cultural diversity presents special challenges to management with the main task of bringing out the best in people coming from various backgrounds. It is a difficult task of unifying people towards a common corporate objective. Modern globalization is evolving and the new paradigm today is â€Å"Think local, act global† (Park & Hirowatari 238). Understanding foreign cultures is essential to everything. It is the key to successfully entering a new market or introducing a new product or service to existing markets. It is easy to adapt a general global strategy

Benefits of tourism to the local community Research Paper

Benefits of tourism to the local community - Research Paper Example Analysis of the theoretical and conceptual aspects of the benefits of tourism to the Local Community in Singapore Tourism is the global largest industry that contributes to job position creation in diverse economies. The sector has facilitated the development of structures that have the capacity to boost coexistence and economic stability. Communities that focus on improving their living standards should encourage tourism based on its benefits. Dwyer and Forsyth (1997) note that tourism improves the income levels of community members; furthermore, tourism increases the national GDP, employment and facilitates general rise in the living status of individuals. According to the World Tourism Organization (WTO), nations are obligated to adopt conventional tourism guidelines that facilitate their competitiveness and growth. WTO facilitates the formulation of policies to ensure that tourism activities are streamlined effectively. This is to ensure that the tourist attraction sites meet def inite standards; furthermore, they should have supporting amenities that allow the safe stay of visitors (Lewis and Newsome, 2003). The agency defines tourism as travelling to new destinations due to particular attractions outside an individual’s geographical setting. ... They also facilitate engagement at various levels of operations that range from local setting to the international arena. This advances social and cultural integration that is earned through mutual understanding (Lewis and Newsome 2003). According to King (2000), domestic tourism in Singapore entails visiting the local destinations and tourist sceneries. Domestic tourism is important in enhancing an individual’s lifestyle since it allows the local people to understand the local events and historical sceneries. It also enables individuals to embrace and appreciate the local resources within the society. It also enhances the understanding of diverse cultural practices by persons with dialectal variations. Inbound tourism forms the second category that entails the visit made by non-citizens or residence to the local attraction sites (King, 2000). The system is currently gaining momentum since the need for individuals to change their environmental setting and learn new things in l ife is paramount. People are currently keen on exploring new ventures and sites of attraction that provide a unique environment for leisure. The technique can be encouraged through detailed awareness of the existing sceneries or the attraction sites, thus, influencing decision-making. Outbound logistics forms the third category that entails the visits to other nations by locals. Internal, national and international tourist categories follow respectively. The categories entail the combination of inbound, domestic and outbound categories. The categories are vital since they foster international integration and cooperation that is crucial in enhancing trade; thus, benefiting the local community. They are also significant in advancing social and cultural cohesiveness (King, 2000). The

Neurodegenerative Diseases: Systems, Causes and Treatments

Neurodegenerative Diseases: Systems, Causes and Treatments Simon Mendy Compare the symptoms, causes and available or future treatments for Motor Neuron Disease, Spinal Muscular Atrophy and Myasthenia Gravis. Neurodegenerative diseases are hereditary (inherited) and sporadic (acquired during a person’s life) conditions caused by progressive nervous system dysfunction (http://ec.europa.eu/health/major_chronic_diseases/diseases/brain_neurological/index_en.htm). Motor neuron disease and Spinal Muscular Atrophy (shrink) are neurodegenerative conditions that arise due to motor neurons dysfunction and Myasthenia Gravis is an autoimmune neurodegenerative disorder. Motor neuron disease is caused by damage to motor neurons; Spinal muscular atrophy is due to deterioration of the motor neurons connecting the brain and spinal cord; Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition that arises due to the damage or blocking of muscle receptors by antibodies accidently produced by the immune system. All three disorders result in weakness, making there diagnosis very hard, because weakness is a very common symptom of many conditions. However, possibilities are ruled out depending on the age of the pers on affected. If someone exhibiting muscle weakness is 1 year old, it is more likely that the person has SMA than the MG or MND, because SMA generally affects children ranging from less than six months to around the age of three, whereas MND is common in teenagers and young adults, and MG normally affects middle aged adults. Motor neurone disease is a unique condition of unknown aetiology that occurs when motor neurons (specialist nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord that relay signals from the brain to the muscles) become damaged and ultimately stop working (http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Motor-neurone-disease/Pages/Introduction.aspx). This causes the muscles that the damage nerves supply to gradually lose strength, usually with wasting of muscles. It is unclear exactly what causes motor neurons to stop working, but, there is not thought to be a link with factors like lifestyle, race and diet. In a small number of cases (about 5%), there is a family history of either motor neuron disease or a related condition known as frontotemporal dementia. However, there is no single test to diagnose MND and diagnosis is solely based on the opinion of a neurologist, on the basis of the symptoms observed and a physical examination. In some cases a specialised test is needed to rule out other possible conditions. Symptoms of motor neurone disease begin gradually over a period of weeks and months, generally only on one side of the body at the beginning, and gradually get worse with time. Symptoms normally include having clumsy fingers or weaker grip (early signs of weakness). Other symptoms include: wasting of muscles, muscle cramps, hardships with swallowing and communication, excess saliva (difficulties swallowing saliva), and coughing after swallowing. After sometime, a person with motor neuron disease may find themselves unable to move. In a small number of cases (10-15%), motor neuron disease is associated with a type of dementia called frontotemporal dementia that can affect behaviour and personality. The main types of motor neuron disease are: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (accounts for 60-70% of all cases), progressive bulbar palsy (PBP), progressive muscular atrophy (PMA), and primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) (http://www.patient.co.uk/health/Motor-Neurone-Disease). Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal (a chromosome that is not allosome) recessive genetic disease that causes muscle weakness and progressive loss of movement (http://www.fsma.org/FSMACommunity/understandingsma/WhatCausesSMA/). Around 1 out of every 40 people are genetic carriers of the disease (they carry the mutated gene but do not actually have SMA) (http://www.fsma.org/FSMACommunity/understandingsma/WhatCausesSMA/). Gene mutation is a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene (http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/mutationsanddisorders/genemutation). Gene mutation occurs in two different ways: they are either inherited from parents (known as hereditary mutation) or they are acquired at some time during a person’s life (known as acquired mutation). Hereditary mutations happen when mutations are present in both the egg and sperm cells. A person that has inherited this type of mutation has it present in virtually every cell in their body, throughout th eir lifetime. Acquired mutations occur in individual cells at some time during a person’s lifetime. These changes can occur due to environmental factors like ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun, chemicals, and radiation, or if a mistake is made whilst DNA copies itself during cell division (mitosis and meiosis). Acquired mutations are only inherited if they occur in sex cells. According to the National Genome Institute, almost all diseases have some kind of genetic factor. These disorders can be cause by multiple gene mutations, a mutation in a single gene, combined gene mutation and environmental factors, or by chromosome damage or mutation. Gene mutation has been identified as the cause of numerous disorders including spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), haemophilia, Tay-Sachs, sickle cell, anaemia, cystic fibrosis and some cancers (http://biology.about.com/od/basicgenetics/ss/gene-mutation.htm). The term SMA is used mainly for the most common form spinal muscular atrophy, which is caused by a genetic problem where one copy of the genetic error (mutation in autosomes) is inherited from each parent. SMA is classified into four different categories, from Type I IV. The classification of SMA depends on the age at which symptoms of the disease arise and the severity of the symptoms. Symptoms of SMA normally include problems with breathing, eating, moving and swallowing; floppy arms and legs (In children with either Type I or II SMA); twitching of the muscles in the arms, legs or tongue. Type I SMA is the most severe, it develops in babies under six months old. Type II is less severe that Type I SMA, it affects babies between the ages 6 to 18 months. Type III and Type IV are the mildest types of SMA. Type III normally affects children around 3 years old. Type IV affects adults. In the most severe cases of SMA (Types I and II), fatal respiratory problems usually develop during chi ldhood. In mild cases such as Types III and IV SMA, life expectancy is normally unaffected (http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Spinal-muscular-atrophy/Pages/Introduction.aspx). Spinal muscular atrophy is caused by the deletion of the survival motor neuron gene 1 (SMN1) (http://www.fsma.org/FSMACommunity/understandingsma/WhatCausesSMA/). In healthy people SMN1 produces a protein known as the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. In a person with mutated genes, the supply of this protein is absent or is significantly decreased. This results in the deterioration of the nerve cells (motor neurons) connecting the brain and spinal cord to the body’s muscles, therefore causing muscle weakness and gradual loss of movement, because the SMN protein is critical to the survival and health of motor neurons. Spinal muscular atrophy affects 1 in 6000 to 1 in 10000 people. Myasthenia gravis is a unique long-term autoimmune condition which affects the nerves and muscles, resulting in the muscles becoming weak. An autoimmune condition is caused by the immune system mistakenly attacking and destroying healthy body tissue. Ordinarily, the immune systems white blood cells protect the body from harmful substances, known as antigens. For examples: viruses, bacteria, toxins, etc. antibodies are produced as a counter measure by the immune system that destroy the antigens. In people with autoimmune disorder, the immune system has difficulty distinguishing between antigens and healthy body tissue. Due to this an immune system response that kills healthy body tissue is produced. The cause of the immune system no longer being able to distinguish between antigens and healthy body tissue is unknown at present. A theory suggests that drugs or microorganisms (like bacteria or viruses) may trigger some of these changes. In myasthenia gravis, the immune system accidental ly produces antibodies (proteins) that damage or block muscle receptor cells. This stops muscles contracting because the antibodies prevent messages being past from the nerve endings to the muscles. However, it is not understood why the immune system of some people produce antibodies that attack the muscle receptor cells. Symptoms of myasthenia gravis generally include impaired eye movement and weakness of muscles that are voluntarily controlled, therefore affecting functions such as facial expressions, eye and eye lid movement, chewing, talking and swallowing, and weakness of neck and limbs. However since weakness is a common symptom in many different diseases and conditions, diagnosis of myasthenia gravis is normally delayed or missed. Myasthenia gravis is diagnosed through Blood tests, Genetic tests and Electromyogram. In the U.S about 20 in 100,000 people are diagnosed with myasthenia gravis. Presently there is no known cure for MND, SMA, OR MG, however there are treatments that can be initiated with aims to ease symptoms to help the person feel more comfortable and have a better quality of life, and compensate for the gradual loss of bodily functions like mobility, communication, breathing and swallowing. For example, for MND, muscle relaxants can help reduce muscle stiffness; medicines such as phenytoin can treat muscle cramps; a breathing mask can help reduce shortness of breath. Right now, the only available treatment for MND that affects the progression of the disease is Riluzole, however it doesn’t stop the progression of motor neuron disease, but only slows it down by a few months (http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Motor-neurone-disease/Pages/Introduction.aspx). With SMA, depending on the severity, treatment could involve: exercise, to prevent joint stiffness and improve range of movement and flexibility; assistive equipment such as motorised wheelchairs and walk ing frames if someone with SMA has difficulty moving; nutrition advice and feeding tubes; bracing and surgery to treat scoliosis (curvature of the spine) (http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Spinal-muscular-atrophy/Pages/Treatment.aspx). For patients with MG, medication such as pyridostigmine and neostigmine (less common), can prevent the breakdown of acetylcholine, an important chemical that assists the muscles in contracting (http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Myasthenia-gravis/Pages/Treatment.aspx). If pyridostigmine is ineffective, steroid tablets can be used to lessen the symptoms. Doctors also often prescribe azathioprine, methotrexate or mycophenolate, to suppress the immune system. Muscle strength can be improved by controlling the production of abnormal antibodies through the use immunosuppressants. In some cases of MG, surgery to remove the thymus gland (a thymectomy) may be recommended. The thymus gland is part of the immune system and is found underneath the breast bone, it is someti mes abnormal in people with MG. In numerous cases, treatment of MG substantially improves muscle weakness allowing a person with the condition to lead a comparatively normal life. Some people may experience permanent or temporally periods where symptoms stop and treatment is no longer needed. Permanent remissions occur in about a third of the people who have a thymectomy (http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Myasthenia-gravis/Pages/Treatment.aspx). Currently, the hope of many is that stem cells of extraneural or neural origin might be modified in vitro (i.e. transforming skin cells into induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS)) (http://www.eurostemcell.org/factsheet/motor-neurone-disease-how-could-stem-cells-help) to differentiate into motor neurons that would migrate to sites of motor neuron loss and restore the motor pathways lost in MND by forming functional connections (Boulis, 2011). The most promising cells so far that can be used for stem treatment of MND are spinal cord stem cells, which are able to produce both motor neurons and a cell call glia. Many of the proteins known as growth factors that contribute to motor neurons development are secreted by glia. There is also a possibility that non-neuronal cells such as glia can be used to prevent further damage to motor neurons and encourage repair through the production of the working version of the protein SOD1, which in some types of MND doesn’t function properly (htt p://www.eurostemcell.org/factsheet/motor-neurone-disease-how-could-stem-cells-help). Stem cell therapy also has to the potential to be used as a possible cure for SMA, MG and other neurological conditions. Gene therapy uses genes to prevent or treat a disease by introducing genetic material in cells to compensate for abnormal genes or to make a beneficial protein (MacKenzie, 2010). Gene therapy was found to be well suited as a future treatment for SMA by the Kaspar group: who described a self-complementary (sc) AAV9 vector that crosses the blood-brain barriers after systemic administration; because of scAAV9’s remarkable efficiency in central nervous system (CNS) gene transfer, after intravenous delivery in mice and other larger animals. Using this as a base, the Kaspar group along with Arthur burgees, detail the most successful rescue reported yet in a mouse model of severe SMA. This was achieved by injecting scAAV9 that is carrying SMN1, into the facial vein of mice pups on their day of birth (MacKenzie, 2010). The approach of injecting scAAV9 into mice pups, resulted in the transduction of 40% of motor neurons, and an extension of the lifespan of the mice from 2 weeks to more than 250 days, combined with almost normalised neuromuscular electrophysiology and normal motor function (MacKenzie, 2010). This preliminary data obtained in the gene therapy rescue of SMA in the mouse model, reported by the Kaspar group and Arthur Burghes (a pioneer of SMA), suggests that the same approach could be used in primates. The authors investigated systemic injection of scAAV9-GFP in a cynomolgus monkey (1 day of age). After four weeks, the magnitude of GFP in spinal motor neurons recorded was similar to that shown by the mice (MacKenzie, 2010), boding well for possible application to humans. This news, along with recent encouraging reports of AAV gene therapy of retinal disease, supports the further rehabilitation of gene therapy as a credible therapeutic alternative for neurological diseases, including MG, SMA and MND. The stage seems set: with seemingly untreatable disorders of unknown pathogenesis; an unknown presymptomatic way of diagnosis; and, the small possibility of a cure through gene therapy and stem cell therapy, which are by far the best hopes, not only for MND, SMA and MG, but also for other neurological diseases. However, gene therapy and stem cell therapy are subject to a lot of public disagreement. For gene therapy this is due to fact that, gene therapy targeted at germ cells (egg and sperm cells), (known as germline gene therapy) could be pass on to next generations. Whilst it spares a family and their future generations from a specific genetic disorder, there’s a possibility it could affect the development of a fetus in unexpected ways or have yet unknown long-term side effects (http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/therapy/ethics). Because the people who are going to be affected are not yet born, they are unable to choose whether to have the treatment, resulting in big debates on e whether germline gene therapy should be used. Other ethical concerns involve negative impacts on what society thinks is â€Å"normal†, and discrimination toward those with the â€Å"undesirable traits† that arise from using gene therapy as a form â€Å"modification† for unwanted traits or to make â€Å"genetic improvements†. The idea of stem cell therapy is also controversial. Whilst it can used for the treatment of many diseases including neurological ones, there are ethical problems involving how it is obtained. For example, stem cells obtained from the embryo, because the embryo is viewed as a potential person. Due to this, taking stem cells from an embryo is considered to be murder, however, it’s argued that, an early embryo that hasn’t be implanted into the uterus doesn’t have properties we associate with being a person, and therefore can and should be used for the benefit of patients (who are persons). Bibliography: http://ec.europa.eu/health/major_chronic_diseases/diseases/brain_neurological/index_en.htm (20/07/2014) http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Motor-neurone-disease/Pages/Introduction.aspx (20/07/2014) http://www.patient.co.uk/health/Motor-Neurone-Disease (20/07/2014) http://www.fsma.org/FSMACommunity/understandingsma/WhatCausesSMA/ (04/07/2014) http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/mutationsanddisorders/genemutation (20/06/2014) http://biology.about.com/od/basicgenetics/ss/gene-mutation.htm (21/06/2014) http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Spinal-muscular-atrophy/Pages/Introduction.aspx (20/07/2014) http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Spinal-muscular-atrophy/Pages/Treatment.aspx (04/07/2014) http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Myasthenia-gravis/Pages/Treatment.aspx (21/07/2014) http://www.eurostemcell.org/factsheet/motor-neurone-disease-how-could-stem-cells-help (05/07/2014) Nicholas M. Boulis. (2011). Gene Therapy for Motor Neuron Disease.Gene Vector Design and Application to Treat Nervous System Disorders. 33 (3), p41-49 Alex MacKenzie. (2010). A severe inherited neuromuscular disease is corrected in mice by intravenous gene delivery.Gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy. 28 (3), 235-237 http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/therapy/genetherapy, (27/06/2014) http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/therapy/ethics, (28/06/2014) http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/therapy/procedures, (27/06/2014)

Teacher Cadet Essay

Often times we do not consider how a teacher has influenced us. Teachers influence whether we realize it or not can alter a student’s perspective on life. A great many of my previous teachers have left a lasting impression on me that will never be forgotten. I do admit there were much contentment, anguish and memorable things that directly connects me to them. Without my teachers, it is highly impossible for me to stand and be here today. One name in particular stands firm among others and that is Mr. Jesse L. Barrett. Mr. Barrett was my English II Honors teacher my sophomore year in high school. Sadly, he was only my English teacher for one year. I honestly could not have asked for a better teacher. At the same time as making me smile and laugh, he ultimately helped me to be successful in life. Initially, I did not enjoy English as much anymore due to a bad string of teachers who lectured endlessly on random topics other than English. He changed my outlook on life and helped me regain my passion for English. Mr. Barrett motivated me to not settle for mediocre work and to do my absolute best in anything I strived for. I never imagined that I would encounter a teacher that was as meticulous as Mr. Barrett. Everything he did had a specific place and order. He never accepted late work because we were in an honors class that required you to be punctual. This taught me how to be prompt, a skill that will help when I attend college next fall. Mr. Barrett honestly loved teaching and you could hear it in his voice; the way he would sound so excited when we read the Great Gatsby. He creates this atmosphere that causes students to feel comfortable and at ease. Everyone anticipated going to class and were quick to engage in current book discussions. Conveying information to students so they will fully comprehend the standard is his specialty. Although he was very kind and helpful when any issue developed, he was a very strict and concerned educator. Discipline was highly enforced in his classroom which influenced me to be the best student I could possibly be. Mr. Barrett has this method where he asks for input and invites the student to participate in class activities. For example, He would divide the class into groups according to our grade averages. Using this method, I quickly discovered that students in the group are in fact helping one another in answering the questions. It is a very exceptional way in learning English. During the activity, students can consult him and ask questions as well. Before the class ends, he would take out 10 to 20 minutes to summarize his teaching and sometimes even motivate us with stories that he encounters during his days outside of school. Whether he knows it or not, Mr. Barrett has influenced me tremendously. It is amazing how one individual can have such an impact on students. He simply guided me to success and I am honored to have been in such a rigorous and competitive class. Challenging me was really the driving force that connected me to him because I never felt as if the work was too easy or vague. Today, I honestly still believe he has helped me in such a way that it will follow me into my post-secondary career.

Why To Travel Alone

Yara exchanged the comforts of home 16 years ago for a life on the road. She has been traveling the world mixing a †¦ Shutterstock 1. You will meet amazing people. While traveling with friends or a significant other can be a lot of fun, traveling solo for a certain amount of time can prove to be one of the most rewarding things you’ll ever do because of the great people you’ll meet. When we travel with friends or a partner, we tend to stick to that little group of familiar faces and even though you’ll meet new people, the dynamics and interactions won’t be as deep and fulfilling.While you’re on your own on the road, you’re much more eager to meet travel buddies, team up with other travelers and generally reach out more in order to socialize. 2. The overwhelming sense of absolute freedom. When you travel on your own and you start meeting people and making awesome friends, you’ll probably team up with travel buddies and end up expan ding your travel plans. You’ll probably change your plans once you hear about that amazing waterfall, that incredible desert beach, the opportunity to bungee jump from a high bridge, or  taste a special delicacy you’ll only find off the beaten track.When you’re traveling, you’re open to change and you’ll welcome it with open arms. The great thing is that you don’t have to fit into a group’s agenda, give explanations or disappoint anyone, you can follow your rhythm, desires and move like the wind. 3. Traveling alone challenges your fears and insecurities This is a big one, especially if it’s your first solo experience. I remember the first time I traveled when I was 18 and moved to London on my own for 3 months to be an au pair and live with a local family.I was terrified of the unknown, but if I would have surrendered to that fear, I would have never get to know the strong, courageous and adventurous side of me. I was scared, but I did it anyways and by the 3rd day, I was really proud of myself. From then on I never let fear stop me. 16 years and many adventures later, I still have a little voice inside my head, asking: â€Å"What if something goes wrong? † â€Å"What if you get into trouble?† This is normal and perfectly human; fear exists for our own protection and boosts our awareness. But we shouldn’t let it control our lives.Safety can be a great comfort, but common sense is the key. Read and research a lot before you travel, check out hostel reviews, and research feedback from other travelers in forums and blogs. Respect the local culture and I guarantee you’ll be fine. 4. Fall in love. Everyone wants to find their better half and much is said about failed relationships while on the road. It doesn’t have to be like that! We find love when we meet someone who shares our interests, dreams, and goals. While traveling solo you’ll meet so many people from all w alks of life that falling in  love might just happen.Whether it will be a great summer love or end up at the altar, no one knows, but there are many people out there with amazing stories. If you already have a partner, this time away can boost your passion and once you’re back, you’ll appreciate each other’s company more. 5. You can take the time to nurture yourself. If you have a stressful life back home, either studying hard or working too much, traveling on your own can be the time to take some time off and nurture yourself.Whether you’re a backpacker traveling cheap or if  the sky is the limit as far as your budget goes, you can use this time to pamper yourself. Indulge in rich and delicious local meals which will boost your energy and health, take long walks on the beach by sunrise, or get a massage. Do some yoga and relax a lot. Enjoy all the wonderful things you deserve, and understand that happiness is a birth right, not a privilege. 6. Youâ⠂¬â„¢ll have a chance to recreate yourself and be who you want to be. While traveling solo, you can leave your grumpy, tired old self behind and start to be a new you.Explore parts of your personality you are not very  comfortable or familiar with. When on the road, you might be challenged by unexpected factors and be positively surprised how well you respond to them. Empower yourself by unleashing the wonderful, irresistible and intelligent person you are, but whom you’ve neglected in your everyday routine. 7. You can finally take time to leave everything else behind. Just disconnect from the world for a while. Turn off your mobile, â€Å"forget† to check you emails for a few days†¦ don’t think about the bills, the responsibilities, the duties and problems. Leave them behind.Some of the most intense creative times or the ones where we find the solutions for all our problems are actually the moments when we disconnect and stop worrying. Have you ever trie d to remember a name or a date and you just can’t spit it out, but after you quit trying it pops out? It’s the same for the rest of life. Sometimes our brains need to get rid of old thoughts in order to be able to create space for new ones, better ones. So just disconnect yourself from everything and you might be amazed by how fresh you’ll feel once you get back home.

Richard Branson Essays

Richard Branson Essays Richard Branson Paper Richard Branson Paper Richard used management skills, management challenges, and the management process, (planning, organizing, leading, and controlling) every day to insure his accomplishments. Management skills consist of three skills: technical skills, human skills, and conceptual skills. Technical skills are the ability to performance at tasks with expertise. Human skills are the ability to work well with others. A conceptual skill is the ability to think analytically and solve complex problems. Managerial competency is skill-based capability for high performance in a management job using communication, teamwork, self-management, leadership, critical thinking, and professionalism. Brannon as successful because he understood the management principles and took full advantage Of lifelong learning in all aspects Of our daily experience and job opportunities His organization is working on flat and non-hierarchical structure which is made of clusters, and given the flexibility to work independently without much interference (Drove 2007). These factors clearly show that his form of leadership is of much more democratic and participative nature. Position power he proves to be dominant thinker, and generally makes decision by himself. Brannon has strong contingency and situational leadership skills too. He has always looked for and uses every opportunity to create a new company to be viable. He is quite capable of controlling situations and also a high risk taker. This reflects the most dominate theory of leadership today i. E. Situational theories. He follows different leadership styles and technicians according to the situation. This has been one of the most important features of Richard Abrasions leadership (Durbin, Dahlias Miller, 2006). He also shows the ability to implement changes quickly. For example: Virgin Cola in the Ignited States changed its strategy, management and location of its t-drinks business tit emphasis on the theme New Age beverages like fruit juices and energy drinks, when he saw no prospect in the war against the Coca-Cola and Pepsi- Cola in the Cola Business (Drove 2007). His values and goals are the driving force of the whole corporation. His philosophy is to put his employees first, his customers second, his investors third and in the end, everyone will be happy. One of the ways he does this is through his sense of equality and fairness in how he treats people and by promoting flat, non-hierarchical structure to run his businesses (Grant, 2005). Richard Brannon style of draperies is best summarized as a transformational approach (Lousier Cache, 2009). Brannon has also been labeled as a transformational leader for his individualist strategies and his stress on the Virgin Group as an organization driven on informality and information, one thats bottom heavy rather than strangled by top-level management. Transformational leadership is a style of leadership that occurs when leaders broaden and elevate the interests of their people, when they generate awareness and acceptance of the purposes and mission of their group, and when they stir their people to kook beyond self-interest for the good of the group. The Virgin Group is a company that provides consistent and unique customer experience. It is fun, maintains quality, competent, creates value through innovation, and promotes social responsibility. Virgin is a powerful brand that is loved by its customers and respected by its employees. Richard Brannon instills his own values into the company to make it focused on branding and the customer experience. They consist of eccentricity, fun, innovation, commitment to employees and customers and contempt of authority and hierarchy. There are over 200 companies under the Virgin Group, but there is a clear, focused message that it broadcasts to its customers. The Virgin Group stands for value for money, quality, innovation, fun and a sense Of competitive challenge. The Virgin Group strives to achieve this by empowering employees to continually deliver an unbeatable customer experience. Brannon set up the Virgin Group to be independent companies, meaning when they entered a market, the company becomes its own entity and must stand on its own two feet. Independent managers under Virgin are able to make quick decision without approval from the CEO improving speed, immunization and elevating employee level of the responsibility. Employees have a stake in their success. They feel -and are crucial to their company because they are one-in-fifty or one-in-a-hundred instead of one-in- tens-of-thousands (Grant, 2005). This style of management sets the tone for how employees feel working for Virgin, which makes this management style a success for the company. Due to the flat structure of management that Brannon encourages, it translates to higher employee and customer satisfaction. The Virgin Experience is the cultural value that Brannon utilizes o his commitment to customer satisfaction. He wants to create the best customer experience possible and so he sacrifices short-term profits for this long-term goal. Running a successful company full of high achievers and model employees is what Richard Brannon dreamt of. Staffing a group of individuals who respect development, protection Of natural environment, and protection Of human rights in all aspects of society, in employment leads to career involvements. Richard Brannon gives his employees the freedom to get creative, to come up with their own ideas and run with them. He particularly emphasized, to give a whole new life purpose to all the people who work in your company. Long-term sustainable happens when employees discover their own power. If you can motivate your people, use their creative potential, you can get through bad times and you can enjoy the good times together. If your employees are happy and smiling and enjoying their work, they will perform well. Consequently, the customers will enjoy their experience With your company. There are many positives, but crucially, employees retained responsibility for their own projects and were not hampered by internal red ape and bureaucracy. Give your employees the freedom to get creative, to come up with their own ideas and run with them. Another way that Richard Brannon motivates his employees is with drive and foresight. Enthusiastic team members will be your best assets, so if career advancement is an employees goal, look at the opportunities for stretch projects that can provided; if building technical skills is what another wants, consider what sort of training he/she can learn on the job; if work-life balance is another persons focus, find out what his or her needs are and try o accommodate them. Then keep in touch with your employees and discuss how theyre progressing, because youll need to readjust this plan as they attain their goals and choose new ones. Foresight is important in business: Dont wait until an employee comes to you and says hes ready to leave before you Start thinking about what his goals are and what keeps him/her happy. This should be part of your hiring decision. Before you make a prospect a job offer, be sure to consider how his plans for his career fit. The trick is to ensure that your staff feels empowered. As your team members grow into their jobs, give them real responsibilities: Theyll respect you for it and do everything they can to rise to the challenge. Richard Brannon has the ability to communicate and install his vision towards his employees and the stakeholders. He shares his passion and his enthusiasm with everyone. Employees are attracted to business leaders who are genuinely excited about their business. Many in leadership roles have a great passion for their work, but tend to hide it. He articulates a compelling vision for everyone. Employees and stakeholders feels as if they re sailing on rudderless ship when management fails to communicate their vision for the company. By engaging employees and stakeholders in the companys vision, he created an employee and stakeholder base which is exciting for the future and one that looks forward to growing with the company. Mr.. Brannon invites participation from everyone. He wants everyones input and opinion on anything and everything. Good leaders are good listeners, but great leaders go one step further; they actively solicit input from their employees. Richard Brannon has an Open door policy in which he wants everyone to commit to an pen and honest communication. Good news or bad, open and honest communication with your employees makes them feel valued. It goes a long way towards building a trusting relationship between employees and management. Richard Brannon praises his employees and stakeholders who works hard, who is deserving and he provides great feedback and his company shows great achievement under his leadership. If, Richard Brannon offered me a managers position to work at the Virgin Group, would accept it. Why? His leadership style fits perfectly for me. I have previous managers experience. Richard is a good listener, he allows his managers to have input and to have open communication. Richard Brannon allows his managers to use the concept of innovation to inspire the employees to contribute to the company at all levels, rather than just doing what they are told. Employees can contribute to the cutting edge products that the company creates as well as look for new ways to increase the overall efficiency of the company. The Virgin Group has been able to create a management style that encourages employees to be competitive. This also gives people the desire to see the company succeed in order to be a nutrition to a fresh and creative business model. Transformational leadership comes from the top managers and executives within the company. Richard Brannon along with other company executives have set many common goals for the company to achieve as a whole. These ambitious goals include expansion into international markets, utilization of new technology, loyalty among customers, and joint ventures with other companies. Goals of this level are voiced to all people involved with the company. This has a benefit to the company by giving everybody involved a challenging mission to accomplish. The highest level of management encourages employees to use their skills in a way that will best compliment the company. The idea behind this is to promote the philosophy that the overall benefit of the company will lead to individual benefits for each person involved. Group contribution will eventually lead to rewards for executives, managers, employees, shareholders, and customers alike. Leadership is encouraged among managers, but it often takes strict management to get the job done. Each management function varies within the different divisions in the company. Managers at the Virgin Group have a wide range of goals to pursue. Because each division within the company varies in its specialization it takes well trained managers to run it effectively. Managers hired by the company tend to have a solid background in their area of specialization. They also need to have a history of proven management experience to be considered for a position. Ultimately, managers within the Virgin Group deal with managing the day to day tasks required to keep their division running efficiently. Richard Brannon creates a winning team of managers. He creates at the eighties level of managers to succeed at every level within the company to ensure that each division has specific goals and the steps needed to complete each goal. A high level of organization is needed at all levels of the operation. For example, each division needs to organize their management structure. This is often done by trial and error to determine the most efficient ratio of managers to non-managers. When the proper determination is made the company can organize its management structure in order to meet the highest level of efficiency. His leadership dynamics are terrific. He is a very vocal and lamentably leader. His mission is to inspire those who work below him to work to the best of their abilities for the good of the company. He often pushes his belief that by contributing to the good of the company it will increase the rewards for everybody involved. He has stated that he tries to bring the best out of people and does this for workers at the lowest levels as well as the top ranking executives. His philosophy is to encourage to all managers within the company. Management is expected to embrace this principle and pass it on to the employees that they are managing. His draperies style tends to give people a high level of freedom in their work. Freedom gives them direction in their work and then let them take control of the situation there after. Freedom in their work allows them to excel without the need for micromanagement. The Virgin Group believes that employees should have a certain amount of freedom to make choices for the good of the organization. It is this freedom and decision making that has the potential to bring out the best in an employee. So, yes I would have accepted the job offer from the Virgin Group and shook hands with the CEO Richard Brannon and embraced honor and intelligence to him. The company in which he has created has a unique management formula that has contributed to the long term success of the company. Although there is a clear distinction between management and leadership, the company has been able to integrate a blend of each in many aspects of the business. The transformational leadership has proved to be a valuable tool for executives, managers, and workers alike. Employees within the company have a willingness to work together to expand and improve the company in order to reach their own personal success in life. Richard Brannon is a global leader. He is a billionaire. He is an entrepreneur. He is one of the most successful and admired business leaders in the world. He shows a great example of how entrepreneurs can figure out what the customer really needs thats different from conventional thinking. He has created a company that does business all over the world, from the UK to emerging markets like Chile and Brazil. He goes where the growth is. He goes after big brands where there is a big gap in the market or where old competitors no longer deliver a great customer service. He has strong draperies skills which is an essential key in the success for a global company. Brannon wanted to expand the global presence even further by participating in joint-venture agreements in telecommunications with China. By incorporating their reputation into the foreign market, the exposure to an untapped market or competitive market, an organization is able to branch out with ideas that will produce additional profits. Corporate leadership in global business becomes even more complex when companies enter into other markets (Dresser, 2011 Motivating his employees an international call was a challenge that Brannon was able to overcome with his leadership skills. He was able to understand that the organizational skills needed to be adaptable to the local cultures which meant that the strategies needed to be altered when appropriate. Leadership is setting a new direction or vision for a group that they follow; management controls or directs people/resources in a group according to principles or values that have already been established. Being able to work and deal with people in an international environment is a task that Richard Brannon accomplished because he was able to handle the ask at hand. Over the next five years, Richard Brannon will not only sustain success, but will achieve greater success. He has already laid out the foundation of the company to continue to succeed thereafter. The company continues to create more business ventures. Invest in more job opportunities for future employment. More experience, better culture, more freedom for employees to become future entrepreneurs for themselves. His success in one area, tends to leads to success in other fields. He has built up an extensive network of relationships, and now entrepreneurs and companies often approach us with ideas for partnerships that will help them to start a new business, or to attract new customers. The company relies on experience and their own reaction to a prospective product or service to decide whether or not to go ahead with the launch Of a new company or partnership. His teams also use data about economic, consumer and population trends to evaluate the consumer experience and assess potential opportunities. Right now they are looking at entering a number of sectors for potential expansion. Richard Brannon will have sustainability within the company and continue to expand, innovate and motivate his leaders to become better entrepreneurs.

Vegetarian diets Essays

Vegetarian diets Essays Vegetarian diets Paper Vegetarian diets Paper Essay Topic: Vegetarian Vegetarian diets can meet all the recommendations for nutrients. The key is to consume a variety of foods and the right amount of foods to meet the calorie needs. Nutrients that vegetarians may need to focus on include protein, iron, calcium, zinc and vitamin B12. Breakfast: German apple pancake, strawberries (1 cup), skim milk. Lunch: Leek, asparagus and herb soup or triple celery bisque, quinoa and black beans, orange (1large). Snack: apple, skim milk. Dinner: Curried cashew burgers or no bake macaroni and cheese, orange, infused roasted green beans and peppers, roasted peaches. Vitamin B12 deficiency can occur in vegetarian, because the best sources of the vitamin are animal products. Strict vegans (like Jones) are people who do not eat any animal products; including meat, eggs, or milk are at a greatest risk. A deficiency of vitamin B12 can lead to anemia; as the anemia worsen it may cause symptoms as weakness, tiredness, pale skin. Three nutritional recommendations for Mr. Jones are: Eat a variety of vegetables, especially dark green and red, orange vegetables, beans, and peas. Mr. Jones needs to choose a variety of protein foods, which include seafood, lean meat, poultry, and eggs. He needs to increase his physical activity and reduce time spent in sedentary behaviors. The food guidance for Mr. Jones; follow food safety recommendations when preparing and eating foods. Account for all foods and beverages consumed, and assess how they fit eaten pattern. Select eaten pattern that meets nutrient needs at an appropriate calorie level. Anticoagulation medication such as Warfarin act to reduce the overall production of blood clotting factors. Anticoagulants do not dissolve blood clots, but they prevent clots from getting bigger. Anticoagulants benefits are: They protect patients from heart attack and stroke. Ensure blood flows smoothly throughout the entire body. The side effects; since anticoagulants stop blood clots from forming, excessive bleeding can occur within the body which may result in paralysis, headaches, shortness of breath, chest pain, abdomen, or muscles pain, nose bleeds, blood in urine. Taking heparin for a long time can lead to osteoporosis. High vitamin K intake can decrease the effectiveness of Warfarin, while small intake increase the sensitivity to small changes in vitamin K. Vitamin K manufactures the protein that reduce the level of blood clotting. Vitamin K and warfarin reacts against each other in the body. Patients that reduce food rich in vitamin K while taking Warfarin experienced unstable anticoagulation and restriction of other nutrients found in these foods. The nutritional advice for Mr. Jones is that he should eat a consistent diet rather than limiting Vitamin K rich foods like dark leafy greens, red peppers, roasted peaches. He needs to know which foods can affect how warfarin works. If Mr. Jones gets sick, and do not feel like eating for few days, he needs to talk to his doctor, rather than taking new medicine that may alters the works of Warfarin. Limit alcohol intake and avoid binge drinking. References: Nix, Staci. (2011). The nature of vitamin. Williams’ Basic Nutrition and Diet Therapy. (14th edition). Pp. 94-125. Hasler CM, Brown AC. (2009). Position of the academy of nutrition of dietetics: functional foods. I Am Diet Association, 109(4):735-746.

Personal Essays for Medical School Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Personal Essays for Medical School - Essay Example I believe that the institution has a high regard for the underprivileged and the minority, which is a very important feature I have considered in my choice of a learning institution. Apart from the recognition of cultural diversity, I seek a university which places high premium in leadership development. I have been actively engaged in both school and community work that represent a strong sense of service to others. One such stint was my stay with the American Red Cross Bloodmobile through which I have seen the value of serving indigent minorities. Another community initiative I took part in is Tutor Experts which is a venue for providing high quality tutoring for the youth who want to improve their academic performance. I have had a similar teaching stint with the Making Changes Freedom School, emphasizing more complicated facets of adolescent development such as coping up with the challenges of violence, drugs, and alcohol. One program that allowed me to showcase my leadership skills is my membership with the Chicanos in Health Education, a student-run group at UC Berkeley that focuses on minimizing health disparities that confront the Latino community. To allow me to have a realistic preview of the medical profession, I undertook a summer internship at The California Pacific Medical Center in San Francisco in 2003 followed by another internship at the Sharp Chula Vista Hospital in San Diego in 2005. I have also created and facilitated a Decal (Democratic Education at Cal) class entitled â€Å"Introduction to University Life: An Immigrant Perspective.† This course addresses some of the main obstacles of the immigrant student. I have helped create the Peer Mentoring Program to give voice to the needs of Cal students from immigrant backgrounds in adjusting to Berkeley’s complex learning environment. A similar program I have spearheaded is the Community College Resources and

The Impact of the Great Depression on the African American Community Essay

The Impact of the Great Depression on the African American Community - Essay Example The civil war which gave people of black origin relatively equal rights had occurred only in 1861 and the misery that it had caused was fresh in the minds of many who were young at that time. In many ways, the great depression brought back for America the memories of the civil war. The community which suffered the brunt of the Great Depression was the African American community, which suffered from a greater racial discrimination during this time than during times of normalcy. In the absence of plentiful employment opportunities, the little that was available was fought for fiercely. The alternative was to stand in long queues for food where there was always the possibility of going hungry. In such a scenario, there was a propensity for job-givers, who were then mostly white, to discriminate on the basis of race when they gave out jobs. As a result of such discrimination the unemployment rates of African Americans during this period, in urban areas was thirty to sixty percent higher than the rates for people of white origin (Davis 82, 2003). Most of the available jobs were taken up by white people and the African Americans were left in a miserable situation. This was the result of many factors. One of the most important of these was the dismissal of African American workers to make way for white workers. This was compounded by the loss of domestic jobs that many African American depended on for their livelihood. Even after the emancipation of the slaves, many people of black origin continued to work for white masters, for a salary, in these domestic jobs. Many of them lost their jobs since their employers could no longer afford the luxury of domestic servants. They also depended to a great extent on the construction industry which provided them with employment in unskilled positions. With the construction industry suffering great losses, even this avenue was not open to them. Moreover in the few of these opportunities, they faced tough competition from skilled white workers. They however, were provided with a reservation in the reduced-rent government housing construction projects that turned out to be extremely beneficial for them as it kept many members of their race afloat during a difficult period of time (Davis 82, 2003). The loss of jobs owing to reservation in certain sectors, however, gave rise to widespread discontent among the whites who had lost their jobs. There was a revival of the Ku Klux Klan, an organization that worked for white supremacy over people who were racially black. This period thus was one when the blacks suffered in many ways. Not only was their livelihood taken away in most cases, but they were also culturally marginalized. The racist nature of arguably the most iconic work of literature to come out during this period, Margaret Mitchell’s Gone with the Wind stands testimony to the nostalgic desire of the whites for the return of the old order of which slavery was a part (Mitchell, 2008). Due to the wide spread migration from the countryside, a lot of African Americans who worked in farms faced unemployment. Having lost their jobs, they were faced with poverty and starvation, which the government of the time was not in a position to remedy. African Americans of the countryside of the south thus had to face a lot of hardships during the Great Depression. The African Americans