Reasons Why Parents Should Read Aloud with Children Essay

One of the greatest gifts that a parent can bestow upon a child is the gift of literacy. Reading is a wonderful pastime, and the key to unlocking many academic puzzles. Parents should read aloud to children as part of a regular routine, one that can be thoroughly enjoyed by both parties. Firstly, reading aloud to children poses the benefit of being quality time spent together. Parents need to have special time with their children, and reading to them is a great method for achieving this goal. Instead of plunking the children down in front of the television, sit them down on your lap and open up a book. As you begin to read to your children, marvel at their attention to detail, and use every opportunity to test their memory and knowledge. While reading, stop frequently and relate the story to an aspect of their everyday life. This will help them to see the correlation between themselves and their environment. While you are enjoying the quality time with your children as you read aloud, you will also be fostering a love of reading that transcends boundaries. Learning to love books at a young age will enhance the children’s desire to be an avid reader as they mature. A love of literature can take a child to unfathomable heights, allowing them to soar to faraway lands of make believe. Children that are read aloud to may use their creativity and imagination more often, building their different levels of intelligence. Being read aloud too can help them see the world, giving them an idea of their place in the world. Another great reason why parents should read aloud to children is to enhance their vocabulary skills. The parent should ensure that they read every word in a story verbatim, never glossing over words that they deem difficult. Children need to hear new words, and need to be explained to their meaning. This will boost their communicative skills. A child with a mastery of vocabulary will be able to orate and have himself or herself heard with a greater degree of efficiency than a counterpart saddled with a limited grasp of the language. When a parent reads aloud to their children, they are also teaching their children to read. As the pages turn, the children are intently watching, following every word on the page, learning that the words go from left to right and flow in a certain fashion. They will, through spoken osmosis, learn how to read on their own. The longer this continues, and with a great deal of frequency, the more proficient of a reader they will become. Parents also should read aloud to their children so that are heard enjoying the books, and the children. This bond will unite them, and the stories will also help them to learn things of importance. Books should be selected together, during regular visits to the local library or book store. This will give the child a sense of autonomy and ownership over the story, which may hold their attention for a longer period. Parents can help steer the children towards books that have strong morals, ethics, focus on manners and friendships, and interesting characters. Once the children begin to learn how to read, the roles can be reversed, and the children can become the readers while the parents become the attentive audience. This may give the children a jolt of confidence and self-esteem that will serve them well as they continue through the educational system. The only thing better than a good book is sharing it with a loved one. Nine Benefits for Parents Who Read Aloud Reading Aloud: 1. Creates bonding experience 2. Allows you to observe and share in your child’s interests. 3. Demonstrates your commitments to your child. 4. Provides an opportunity to model and transmit values. 5. Develops good communication skills. 6. Provide bibliotherapy* opportunities. 7. Gives children a chance to ask you questions. 8. Combats a passive, couch-potato, TV-viewing lifestyle. 9. Helps you build a storehouse of pleasant memories with your children. *Using stories and books to help Children deal with traumatic events such as death, divorce, loss of a pet, and adjusting to life-changing situations such as moving and entering school. Sources: Paticia A. Habada, Ph. D. Senior Editor of the SDA Life Series Reading textbooks Health and Home, Volume 38 Pages 45-47 Bobby Coles http://www.helium.com

Mexican American Approaches to Health Essay

Mexican American, or Latino, traditional views on health and healing practices are influenced by several other cultures that they have historically had some kind of contact with, such as the Spanish colonizers, indigenous Indian populations, and Western medical practitioners. This varied background accounts for their holistic healing methods and their belief that good health stems from internal balance, a clear conscience, and a strong spiritual relationship with God. The underlying theme in traditional Mexican American health is that there needs to be a balance between the body and Earth’s elements. Equilibrium of each element–fire, water, air, and land–leads to an overall healthy state. (Molina, 1994) Traditionalists tie this balance concept in with the idea that all health states are associated with either hot or cold, and one may be used to heal the other. A state of health is characterized by a warm, wet body, and any exposure to extreme conditions on either side of this scale leads to illness. It is important to point out that the generalizations assumed in this paper are based on very traditional Mexican American individuals and do not span the entire population within the US. In regards to healthcare, traditional Mexican Americans hold the belief that their healing methods are either superior to or the same as those practiced by Western providers, so they tend to rely primarily on home remedies and cultural healers before seeking out other forms of medicine. Furthermore, their healing approach is firmly rooted in their specific values. It is important to be aware of Latino cultural values in order to understand their views on healthcare, as the latter is based on the other. In general, there are three basic values that crucially exists within most Mexican American relationships—personalismo, respeto, and dignidad. (Molina, 1994) Personalismo is the trust and rapport that is established with others. Latin Americans respond better to warm, friendly interactions, and prefer personal relationships to professional ones. Therefore, the best ways to earn trust is for a provider to show interest in the patient’s personal life, exercise empathy, and avoid formal interactions. It is also important for a provider to show respeto (respect) by dressing according to their profession and addressing the patient with the formal greeting â€Å"usted†. This makes the patient feel as through they are taken seriously and cared for at the same time. A Latino patient tends to want a provider to embrace and exemplify their role as a professional; they simply prefer more intimate interactions. And although they appreciate empathy, they expect a blatant regard for their digidad (dignity); as with many individuals, Latinos place an emphasis on being treated as equals and human beings. Furthermore, Mexican Americans value family and thrive off their interdependent relationships with them. (Molina, 1994) In fact, most traditional Latinos rely more on their relatives for health advice than healthcare providers; as a result, it is common for a family member to accompany a patient to their visit with a provider. Mexican Americans’ cultural definition of health is outlined by the three major states that they believe are the causes for all illness and disease. Additionally, poor health is culturally associated with imbalances within the body’s natural states that lead to problems. According to traditional beliefs, poor health can be attributed to one or more of the following: (1) Psychological State, (2) Environment and Natural Causes, or (3) Supernatural beings. (Molina, 1994) The psychological state includes any mental state that may be disrupting one’s peace of mind, including worry, anger, envy, or stress, all of which can lead to the dangerous state of susto (â€Å"fright†), or soul loss. Natural causes fall under environmental elements, such as dust, pollution, or germs–all of the things that Western medicine believes to be the only causes of illness. Finally, supernatural beings include malevolent spirits, witchcraft, or â€Å"mal de ojo†, the bad eye, any of which can cause disease or illness. Because Mexican American views on health differ from those of mainstream US medicine, there are several â€Å"folk illnesses† that exist within the culture that have no diagnosis within Western medicine, and are, therefore, remedied by traditional methods. Many of these illnesses fall under the idea of their imbalance theory. For example, an imbalance or conflict within social relationships opens one’s spirit up to â€Å"mal de ojo†; symptoms include fever, headache, and sleeplessness. The traditional treatment for this is rubbing the entire body with egg yolk. Empacho is an illness characterized by stomach pains, and results from feeling psychological stress while eating. Ataque de nervios literally translates to â€Å"attack of the nerves† and is caused by extreme emotional stress brought on by a traumatic event. Those suffering from this illness often engage in fits of swearing and convulsions. The treatments are praying over the affected individual and rubbing alcohol over their face. Caida is an infant disease that occurs when the fontanelle is dislodged from the child’s skull, and can result in death. (Molina, 1994) In Western medicine, providers may equate this with Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), which even in the most skilled American facilities has no biological explanation. Since many of the illnesses recognized in the Mexican American culture are undiagnosed and not understood in Western medicine, a majority of this group employs home remedies or purchases medicines in a botanica, or a store that sells folk medicine and herbal treatments. (â€Å"Profiles of Health†, 1994) Although some recent studies have shown that many Latinos view cost as the number one barrier to healthcare in America, most traditionalists prefer to seek out the assistance of their cultural healers through a healing practice known as Curanderismo. (â€Å"Profiles of Health†, 1994) This practice is one of the most prominent healing practices in the Mexican American culture. It approaches health from a holistic point of view and encompasses physical, social, psychological, and spiritual healing. (Johnston, 2006) A Curandero is a revered, spiritual being that treats those suffering from biologically inexplicable illnesses and can have gifts in several areas, including massage, midwife, counselor, spinal adjustment (similar to a Chiropractor), or espiritualista–someone who channels help from spirits. (Molina, 1994) They specialize in a number of areas of medicine, such as naturopaths, herbalists, palm readers, or psychotherapists. Some research suggests that Curanderos arose out of a need for health care from poverty stricken communities that could not afford it. Traditionally, many sought out the help of Curanderos; however, according to recent studies, very few Mexican Americans utilize the services of a Curandero, and those who do use it as supplemental treatment to Western medicine. The main differences between Mexican American cultural healing methods and Western medicine are the varied definitions of similar illnesses, as well as the explanations for the causes of diseases. However, since most illnesses that are recognized in Latino culture also exist within the framework of American healthcare, then treatment can be applied uniformly. Therefore, the emphasis needs to be placed on cultural competence, which would incorporate a system for understanding other point of views of health. It is imperative for providers to develop both trust with and respect for their patients in order to treat them and to increase adherence to medical plans. Western medical providers must learn to listen to and understand the traditions of the Mexican American patient population so that they will be better equipped to serve them. Once this is accomplished within the American healthcare system, society will see health disparities begin to diminish.

Modern Figurative Art Essay

The artists used darker colours from the 1830s to the 1860s, and the main subject of the paintings were simple portraits of significant people or self portraits of the artists themselves. As you move further through the sections, there are more scenic and historical paintings, as well as paintings showing everyday situations of the time. I found interesting the amount of landscape/nature paintings, as well as paintings depicting life in Canada in their respective time periods. By the end, we get the more expressionits and abstract paintings that get larger in size as time progressed. Finding Meaning in Art  Ã‚  Art asks us to find our own meaning at times. Find the large work Pavane by Canadian artist Jean-Paul Riopelle in gallery A111.  (a) How is the artist trying to convey meaning?  I think Riopelle is trying to convey meaning in the work by using three very large canvases and a wide variety of colours to attract the viewer’s attention. When you walk into the room the enormous size of the painting get your attention immediately. The three sections are divided for a reason finding in the middle the widest spectrum of colours and other less stand out colour in the surroundings. A very abstract painting, you can tell alot of effort and time has been put into Pavane. (B)What is your interpretation of Pavane?  It took me a long while to try to understand Pavane, I couldn’t really see past the simple strips of coloured paper, and the huge size of the painting, then after a couple of minutes of studying and walking around it I began to notice how the main colours are in the center and aren’t just thrown into the painting randomly, it is very different to the other paintings in the room so I thought perhaps Riopelle was trying to make this piece more modern than the other pieces of work of the time. Trying to be different and to stand out as an artist, just like the colours in Pavane, to be the center of the art world. When I researched Pavane online, I found that it was partially true, because after making this painting he became very successful in the cultural scene.  Nature, Mathematics and Art  After you are through gallery A114, go into the garden. There is a metal piece of art which looks like DNA. You are allowed to play with this if you choose. Look at the plants more closely.  Ã‚  (a) Is nature itself art? If so, does that mean everything is art? Nature is not art, but is the basis of it, its there so we can turn it into our own personal interpretation of it. Its when a human takes nature and creatively does something with it so that it influences and affects the senses, emotions, and/or intellect that it actually becomes art. Human intervention is what makes Art, Art.  (b) Do you think computers can create REAL art on their own, or are people required to create art? Computers cannot create art because they are incapable of having emotions and to convey meaning to a work of art. Besides, computers are made my man, so if a computer creates art, it is because a human has programmed the computer to able to create it.  Architecture  Next to the fern garden is the now reconstructed Rideau Street Convent Chapel. Sit in it for a moment to rest.  (a) Do you think this chapel has a rightful place in an art gallery? Why or why not?  I think the chapel doesn’t have a rightful place in the art gallery because even though its very pretty and decorative I found it to be too modern for my liking, and also didn’t have much to do with what the subjects in the previous rooms were. There was religion influence in the some paintings but in the majority. It would be conveniently placed in a section that includes more religious sculptures and works of art. (b) What qualities do you think buildings need to be called good architecture?  Good architecture is a building intentionally done to communicate a certain message and that took a lot of hard work and thought into making. If it is creating solely to serve a purpose it is not art, but if it also has an idea or a message built into it, it’s when it becomes art.  (c) Excluding Parliament Hill, Chateau Laurier, Supreme Court of Canada, the National Gallery of Canada, museums, or any other government building – Name one building in Ottawa you consider art and one building you think is not art. Explain. I found the Notre Dame Cathedral very impactful when I first got here, I think its art because it was built not just as a church but to evoke a religious response from people, the originality of the silver material its made from make it an attractive and artistic structure.  A building that is not art would be just a regular ScotiaBank office building, this is because of many reasons, there was no emotion or idea put into it, its is not attractive of artistic in any way and there are many of these in almost every Canadian city, which takes out its originality.

Post Menopausal Syndrome Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Post Menopausal Syndrome - Essay Example Other symptoms include lack of sleep, depression, and a decreased interest in sex. The bodily changes include changes in the vagina which becomes smaller and opening becomes narrower. Changes are also seen in the labia folds which lose fat and become pale and dry. Due to an increase in vaginal pH chances of infection rises and itching of the vaginal area is also reported. In addition to changes in the vagina the uterus and the cervical opening also becomes smaller and the endometrial lining reduced. The pelvic ligaments that support the uterus become weak and this could increase the risk of uterine prolapse. Another major concern for women during and after menopause is decalcification of the bones due to lower estrone and androstenedione hormones which lead to osteoporosis. This condition increases the risk of fractures of the vertebra, hip and knee as the bones are more porous. In addition, women can also suffer from lower back pain, and joint paints resulting in lower mobility. Thi s could however be reduced by maintaining a good physique and consuming a healthy diet during the child-bearing years. The skin changes observed during this period are sudden red flushes on the neck, face and chest which is accompanied by a higher body temperature and sweating. This symptom can last for a period of 1 to 5 years. Lack of estrogen and an increased circulating male hormone leads to male pattern hirsutism in these women. Women are at a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases due to a reduction of the estrogen hormone as it is associated with a rise in low-density lipoprotein and a rise in high-density lipoproteins. However, most of these symptoms can be relieved through estrogen replacement therapy and the risk of osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases can be greatly

Malcolm X Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Malcolm X - Essay Example Malcolm writes: "My two other images of my father are two outside the home: he never pastured in any regular church of his own" (p. 7). Similar to his father, Malcolm created his own religion based on century-old traditions and values, morals and ideals. Malcolm's sister, Ella Collins, explained that Malcolm X was present at chapter meetings almost from birth. Political ideas and rebellious issues expressed in the meetings, formed personality of Malcolm and his life perception. Also, Malcolm admits that: "the image of him [father] that made me proudest was his crusading and militant campaigning with the words of Marcus Garvey (p. 8). Further, Malcolm became a militant leaders fighting for pride and self-determination of black people. Malcolm's childhood was filled with the emerging urban culture of Black America. Malcolm's rooting in the U.S. working class was incomplete. Riding the rails as a porter and later established in Harlem, the cultural capital of the Black world, Malcolm X developed a deep, if only partly conscious, sense of the peoplehood of the African American. Malcolm admits that: "it was only me that he sometimes tool with him to the Garvey UNIA meetings which he held quietly in different people's homes" (p. 8). Similar to his father, Malcolm supposed that no Black man at this time could be easily and unequivocally rooted in the working class. Malcolm's family and father was unusual in that it made the transition from the southern rural countryside to the northern urban city intact and started out as the nuclear family of the American Dream. During these years, Malcolm's father played both in the family and in the UNIA a strong leadership role. The "New Negro" concept embodied a new view of the role of Blacks in social change. It represented a further development of themes first seen in the Negro movement at the turn of the century. Malcolm's father was following a model of Black liberation popularized at this time. All these features have a great influence on Malcolm and his life aspirations. His father supposed that: "freedom, independence and self-respect could never be achieved by Negro in America" (p. 4). Further, Malcolm opposed this view fighting for racial equality and identity politics. To some extent, the full power of Malcolm's intellect was held in check due to the magnetism of his father's personality and the very special and personal role that he played in Malcolm's life. Political figure of his father had immense power and prestige, and obviously one that Malcolm X did not subject to his otherwise methodical scrutiny. It is possible to say that Malcolm used Black national ideas of his father and transform them into a separate national movement, but later expelled that nationalism from the NOI to protect its theology from internal criticism and to deflect an activist thrust which would lead to repression. For Malcolm, he embodied wisdom represented as a keeper of Negro's traditions and values. "I reflected many, many times to myself upon how the American Negro has been entirely brainwashed from ever seeing or thinking of himself, as he should, as a part of the nonwhite peoples of the world" (p. 56). These ideas helped Malcolm to create a framework for the reformulation of Black nationalism in a more internationalist and revolutionary manner and thus facilitated the linking of the Civil Rights movement with the

The advances of military logisitics since WWI Research Paper

The advances of military logisitics since WWI - Research Paper Example Because of its central contributions to combat, military logistics has received a significant amount of critical attention. Indeed, the 20th century witnessed tremendous innovation and development in military logistics. This research considers American military logistic advances since World War I. World War I witnessed considerable advances in American military logistics. One of the greatest considerations within World War I logistics was that the sheer enormity of the war resulted in past logistic processes being outstripped. This war witnessed amounts of men and machines that the country had never prepared. It’s considered that the average amount of ammunition used was as much as ten times pre-war estimates. Adding to these logistic problems was the consideration that establishing trenches required significant amounts of supplies. As a result, the early stages of the conflict experienced tremendous shortcomings in logistic transport, particularly in the areas of ammunition. Much logistic innovation during World War I then emerged as a response to these infrastructure challenges. A major innovation during this period was the implementation of tanks and gun sleds to lead the military advance, while military supplies would be delivered to railheads and ports many miles away (Lynn 1993, p. 109). In addition to logistic innovations, logistic shortcomings during this period had a corresponding impact on military strategy. The main recognition in these regards was that it no longer was more efficient to supply armies on the move than static armies. This realization had a corresponding impact on the very strategic initiatives within the conflict. Namely, the significant size of military operations necessarily resulted in trench warfare. There were a number of major logistic innovations during World War II that revolutionized military conflict. One of the most seminal innovations was the development of the

Long-Term Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Long-Term Care - Essay Example The aging of America has helped to bring the issue of the state of long-term care system in the limelight. It was in 1988 when Presidential candidates talked in their debates for the elections while Congress first tried decisively to cobble a national policy on long-term care by introducing four major bills on long-term care financing (Kuchler 1). However, while America is aging, life expectancy has also lengthened so that more and more older people are joining the ranks of senior citizens - consequently, expanding the ranks of those who will face disability in the near future. In the past, the policy was geared towards institutional care, mostly nursing homes and residential care facilities, but now efforts are being done towards more a home-based or community-based care due to the wishes of the families of patients. Another socio-cultural force that has brought the long-term care system to its current state is the role played by informal caregivers, especially women. Women and relatives of the elderly and the disabled have traditionally been assigned the task of being the caregivers of the family. As a result of higher educational attainments, rising divorce rates, and more opportunities for women in the labor force, the long-term care system has been faced with the issue of dearth of informal caregivers. ... The shortage of care-giving professionals will continue to affect the state of the long-term care system in the future. Long-term care financing as well as delivery has been tasked as a matter of policy to Medicare and Medicaid, with the former including long-term care service only as an adjunct in case of acute illness for people with disabilities and the latter, as the institutional source of long-term care funding for very economically hard-up people. The policy has been criticized for failing to provide support for people who need long-term care service. Medicaid only could be relied on to provide long-term care when their financial resources have dried up and thus, "the system is excessively harsh" (Feder, Komisar and Niefeld 54). Partly the result of the inadequacy of the coverage of long-term care financing, most people especially from the middle classes rely on out-of-pocket expenses to pay for long-term care. It is estimated in one study that 20% of older people will spend US$25,000 from their own pockets to fund future long-term care needs (Johnson, Toohey and Wiener 2). There are continuin g policy debates on how to integrate Medicare and Medicaid and how these debates will fare in the coming years and thus shape whether the long-term care system will be up to the challenge of providing better services and financially viable options for the country. As the age group called the baby boomers or those who were born between 1946 and 1964 reach retirement age and who currently comprise more than a fourth of the American population, some have sounded alarms that this phenomenon is a healthcare crisis in the making (Achison n.p.). When this age group will become part of the population that will stop paying taxes that fund Medicare and would be

Reflection on first year of university Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Reflection on first year of university - Essay Example It is for this reason that the news of receiving an admission letter offering me a chance to pursue a degree at the university, which is the dream of every student, came as a surprise not only to me but also to those who knew me well. Surprisingly life at the university seemed to a very different meaning from what I had initially been made to believe. My first year at the university has not only been a success but has also availed a different world opening new experiences to me. During my first year of study, I have excelled both academically and outside the classroom environment. I have had experiences and learnt several things that I am convinced have pushed me a step closer towards achieving my lifetime dreams. Brought up in an environment where standing in front of even a small group of people was a reserve for the leaders in various positions in the society, or the educated elite, I consider standing in front of the class and making a presentation as the most important achieveme nt of the year. Like many other students in my class, when the content, which was to be covered in our first year of study, was given to us and we realized that the culmination of the first year work was a class presentation, I could not resist the temptation of not making it. Never had I been faced with such a situation before and the thought of standing in front of so many students together with our teacher was almost unbearable. Nevertheless, I knew from the word go I could not entertain the temptation of giving up and my philosophy was to always give the best I could regardless of the complexity of the situation at hand. Furthermore the exercise was supposed to impart in us better organisational and multitasking skills. Owing to the situation at hand, I knew I hand to make thorough preparations if my presentation was to earn me any good results. I therefore embarked on a mission to take advantage of any chance to stand and address groups of people however how small these may be in an attempt to boost my confidence come the final day of presentation. I could spend several minutes trying to figure out how the presentation would be and at times even had imaginary presentations in my mind. Multitasking between several activities was the order of the day, I had walk from home to university each day and not the everyday chores could be left unattended. Each day came with its new set of challenges and the situation always seemed to be getting demanding with each new day. Assignments were piling up fast and time seemed to fly out as the deadline dates always seemed sooner than expected. Despite our concerns about the increasing workload, no one seemed to give a listening ear. Pressure was mounting up on me and I did not know where to start neither where to end. To me leisure was outdated and spells of work were often followed by long spells of sleep because of accumulated tiredness; moreover, there was so much to handle in so little time. Balancing between these w as the turning point between those succeeded and those who failed and equipped with this knowledge, I struggled until I was convinced my last calorie of energy had burnt out. I knew the kind of life I was bound to live after my education would be greatly shaped by the kind of grades I could get here at the university; to me, the journey had just begun and there was no turning back. To an ordinary observer, my paths may seem to be running

Stress in the Workplace Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Stress in the Workplace - Research Paper Example They have achieved it on the cost of their personal and social life. The urge to remain employed has caused the employees to endorse the culture of work-life imbalance. The whole effort of the employees is concentrated at increasing the productivity. Since the time is limited, employees have no option but to sacrifice their private life for the work. This is the reason why employees do not find time to spend with the family. While on one hand, this is distorting the employees’ relations with their families, on the other hand, it is also affecting their performance as continued work without breaks and rest declines an individual’s mental and physical efficiency. In addition to that, the ones who have managed to remain employed have been assigned the job responsibilities of the employees that have been terminated, which has essentially increased the work load for the remaining employees manifolds. Since the effects of economic recession are not limited to the workplace, t he employees have to deal with the inflation and increased rates of things of everyday use. There is so much to purchase in a very limited salary, that an employee always runs short of money. Consequences of Stress Stress in the workplace is one of the most important causes of increase in employees’ depression and anxiety. Some employees have been stressed to the point that they have attempted suicide. â€Å"[Employees] come to work and tell a manager or colleague that they are thinking of harming themselves. They are texting, calling, instant-messaging. Or they’ll disclose they’ve made an attempt. Some have even tried to kill themselves at work† (LeBlanc cited in Mirza, 2012). Stress in the workplace has distorted the employees’ relations with the family members, particularly with the spouses. Employees are not able to meet the financial demands of the family, which not only makes them feel derogated in their own eyes, but also makes the family me mbers unhappy with them. Particularly the housewives are not aware of the magnitude of stress the husbands go through, and thus expect them to be spending to much. The increasing tension between many couples because of the workplace-caused stress has led them to the point of divorce. â€Å"The challenges [of mental illness] are enormous to society because of the high cost for both individuals and employees. People suffering from mental health disorders are also having trouble finding and holding onto jobs† (Singh cited in Skrzypinski, 2012). This also has many negative implications for the employers. Productivity of the distressed employees declines which incurs additional costs to the employers. This is termed as â€Å"presenteeism†; a phenomenon wherein employees are present at work but too preoccupied, distressed, and/or lost to display optimal productivity. Ways to Deal with Employees’ Stress Stress among employees in the workplace imparts a need for the man agers to be very prudent and responsible in their interaction and dealing with the employees. Managers can do a lot to regulate the stress in the employees as managers assume top positions in the hierarchy of the organization structure and are thus a source of hope and inspiration for the employees. There are certain measures that a manager needs to take when approaching a worried employee. Rather than asking the

Economics of Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economics of Industry - Essay Example buy problem. Therefore, firms and companies can anatomize their Human Resource Management system in order to develop the necessary skills in-house or they can constitute their Human Resource Management to attract the workmen with the obligatory skills on the extrinsic market. For developing consistent as well as competitive manufacturing strategies, the need is somewhat established. This fundamental subject in the development of a manufacturing strategy is the grit of what the company makes and what it buys (Platts et. al, 2000). Chronologically, such decisions have always been made primarily on the grounds of cost, however, in recent years there has been a successive cognizance on the strategic implications of these decisions and the requirement of pondering over a wide range of other factors as well. This paper determines and analyzes the problems related to agency relationships, asymmetric information, and undesirable assortment which are faced by firms who face such decisions. Moreover, it critically evaluates the possible remedies which can address the three problems discussed, which are associated with agency costs. The analysis of effects of the private agents being less than fully rational in their expectations can lead to depletion of the values and position of the firm. In the context of monetary policy, where the Central Bank may possess come uncertain preferences, the innovative characteristic could be the allowance of public to react in two different ways. One of them could be the formation of rational expectations, and another could be the internalization of uncertainty about the Bank's reference in complete. The cost of internalization appears to be the most appropriate guess regarding those preferences. In the progression of framing anticipations or expectations, the assumption of rational expectations enables all the agents involved in sharing the information from the same set. Nonetheless, with the breaking down of the assumption of common information, may be due to infeasibility, or because of the high-cost of acquirement of all the information others have, the agents have to resort to second-guessing the reactions of their counterparts. Agents can seem to be wide off the mark while making educated guesses about the characteristics of others and the consequences to the ideal case of full information and rational expectations could be hazardous. From the point of view of the private sector, a monetary policy can be applied where, for example, the Central Bank has tentative preferences. This could be a matter of choice, since, the bank itself does not unleash certain aspects of what it is cognizant of, or because the Central Bank does not possess firm information itself and, as a result, is unable to commit to one specific set of parameters for all the circumstances (Demertzis & Hallet, 2008). Authors like Geraats and Walsh have analyzed the first case

See the dis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

See the dis - Essay Example Those affected have their health state affected and boosting their activity by making their bones strong and health (47). Unhealthy feeling contributes to mental disturbance especially when the disease seems to fall out of hand. From my perspective, this selection is critical from the so far dangers associated with osteoporosis. Notably, this realization will go a long way in reducing the number of dependants, increasing per capita, and the general GDP. Alongside healing the disease and making the affected healthy, economic boost should be seen as a reason for customers to buy. This is of value since economic progress is key to every country especially when the progress has health backing. Health nation means a wealthy nation. To a potential employer, providing me with employment will play a critical role in contributing to the already realized company’s success. Of importance, realization of a product that seeks to heal a controversial disease means that as the product gets known to the public, the company’s reputation is promoted. The potential employer must understand that the company will get global with the product. Additionally, chances of other realizations are extremely high meaning that the growth of such a company is

Explain the Concept of Ideals in Plato’s Writings Essay Example for Free

Explain the Concept of Ideals in Plato’s Writings Essay â€Å"The unexamined life is not worth living† according to Plato. He argued that we should always pursue knowledge and ask questions to do this. A key part of Plato’s philosophy is epistemology – his theory of how we know things. His concept of Ideals, also known as Forms, is Plato’s explanation of how true knowledge can be sought. Plato understood that there are concepts that we can all recognise in various things, for example the concept of beauty. We all recognise beauty in art, nature, people, or music, and we all understand the idea when we hear the word used. Although we can all recognise beauty, our opinions of what classes as beautiful are widely varied and subjective. The conclusions Plato drew from this is that beauty must exist, otherwise we would not know it at all. This is the Perfect Form of Beauty. However, we must have only partial knowledge of it or we would not have subjective opinions. Forms are absolute versions of concepts and ideas. They are perfect ideas of everything and therefore they do not change – perfect things cannot change for the better and would not change for the worse. They are also eternal as to begin or to stop existing is a change. They cannot live in this world as it is constantly changing and forms are unchangeable, so they can only exist in the Realm of the Forms. The form of Beauty is absolute and true; it is not an opinion but an idea or concept, therefore no-one can know the real meaning of Beauty as it cannot exist in this world and it is eternal. We will never know forms fully as we are imperfect. Forms give us knowledge and allow us to have some understanding of the truth. Although, we know that we do not know them fully as we can form our own opinions on things, e.g. what is beautiful and what is not. Forms are in the Realm of the Forms, we can recognise them as this is where our soul originates from, however because they come from there and not from where we are, we do not know them fully. Also as they are perfect we cannot understand them fully. In the Realm of the Forms there are Ideals of everything we have a concept of such as Beauty, Justice, Truth, and the Form of the Good. The Form of the Good is the highest of the forms and is the foundation and essence of everything. The Form of The Good represents Plato’s idea of goodness and is what you should most want. For Plato this was eudaimonia, living a good and fulfilled life. All other forms such as beauty, justice or truth are part of eudaimonia and so part of Good. The Form of the Good is therefore the most important Form as it gives us full and true knowledge of what we should pursue. It is our ultimate goal and the source of all truth and goodness. In this way, it has influenced the development of the Christian idea of God. Plato uses the Cave Allegory to present his ideas about Forms. He does this by using symbolism, by representing the Forms as objects outside of the cave. He then represents the Form of the Good as the sun; the sun shines light onto the objects outside, allowing us to see them. The light represents knowledge and the objects represent Forms – the Sun shows us the Forms and gives us knowledge. The prisoner’s journey illustrates Plato’s concept of Ideals or Forms – they provide truth but must be pursued individually and by looking away from things that keep us ignorant.

Null Hypothesis And Alternative Hypothesis Philosophy Essay

Null Hypothesis And Alternative Hypothesis Philosophy Essay In order to survive in the business world, business units today are forced to innovate and launch the products immediately in the market. But this is easier said than done. Numerous factors come into the picture for this to materialise. Notably among them is the fact that too much cost factor which comes into the picture. For the product launching is well planned and thought off activity. The activities include conducting market surveys which in plain sense means that the business units are required to conduct or determine the feasibility of the new product within a limited area and then based on the results they take further course of action i.e. go ahead with the launch of the product or to drop the project altogether. In other words, business units conduct sample surveys i.e. obtaining the response on a small piece of the larger picture and then based on the results of the small piece, estimate the likely response on the larger piece of the picture. The small piece is known as the sample and the larger piece is known as the population. Thus the concept of sample and population plays a vital role and assists the management in taking core decisions which may or not prove fruitful in the survival of the business. In order, to take decisions based on the sample and to estimate the population parameters business units are required to start with some of the assumptions or the hypothesis. And, based on assumptions or hypothesis about the population it is tested meaning that whatever the assumption that they started with, whether the assumption was correct or incorrect. Thus we have hypothesis testing. Let us take an example to illustrate what has been said above. Suppose, the business units want to bring in a new product in the market which will increase the market share and hence the profitability of the business unit. In this case, the hypothesis would be introduction of new product will increase the profitability and based on this the survey would be conducted. The results of analysis of the data will reveal whether the hypothesis was correct or incorrect. This unit will cover the basics of hypothesis and its testing; the steps required to test the hypothesis. This unit will also cover the types and characteristics of hypothesis and the like. Objectives After studying this unit, the reader will be able to: Understand the basic concepts of hypothesis Understand the various types and the characteristics of hypothesis Understand the steps involved in the testing of hypothesis Understand the two tailed and the one tailed tests involved in the testing of hypothesis Understand the criterion when to accept or when to reject the hypothesis Understand the manner in which decisions are to be taken on the basis of the results arrived during the process of testing of hypothesis 6.2 Defining Hypothesis In order to discuss the basics of hypothesis testing in detail let us now, define what is meant by hypothesis. Simply speaking, hypothesis is a unit of the inferential statistics (i.e. the branch of statistics which is used to infer information on the collected data) which is used to test a claim about the larger portion (which is called population) based on the data collected from the smaller part known as sample. In other words hypothesis testing is the process of staking claim based on the values obtained from the sample. Let us take an example in order to drive home the point illustrated above. A manufacturer involved in the manufacturing of types claims that the average life of their tires will last at least 70,000 kms. We want to test the claim made by the manufacturer. The process we will adopt is to take a sample of tires, run them until they see how many kms. on average they have lasted. If the sample has lasted over 70,000 kms, then we do have the reason to believe that the claim is correct and that all the other tires they produce will also last 70,000 kms. miles. In arriving at this conclusion, we may commit the following We may incorrectly say the tires do not last at least 70,000 kms when in fact they do last We may incorrectly say the tires do last at least 70,000 kms when in fact they do not Thus, we may commit some errors during the process of staking the claim to the hypothesis we have formulated. This aspect will be covered in next section Self Assessment Questions True or False Managers are required to make decisions Hypothesis is an assumption about something which is taken to be true We may commit some errors in the process of testing of hypothesis 6.3 Characteristics of Hypothesis Having understood the definition of hypothesis, let us now understand the characteristics of hypothesis. The following are the characteristics of hypothesis. A hypothesis is based on reasoning which appears to be justified This simply means that the hypothesis we have formulated should be based on the previous research and the hypothesis should follow the most likely outcome not the exceptional outcome. For example, we should form the hypothesis regarding the launching of new product on the basis of the previous data which was analysed and which prompted us to take further steps such as market research and the like A hypothesis should provide a reasonable explanation for the outcome which is to be predicted This means that the hypothesis formulated should not focus on the unrealistic outcome i.e. the hypothesis should be based on the realistic scenario. For example, an hypothesis such as our new software will surpass the sales of the software dealer who is leading the software market or that our software will sell very well on the surface of the moon. All these are unrealistic. A hypothesis should clearly state the relationship between the variables that are defined This simply means that the hypothesis should not be vague. It should be in plain simple terms and in a language which is simple to understand. For example, the hypothesis that the MIS report will be printed somewhat in 3 to 4 minutes is ambiguous and confusing. A hypothesis defines the variables measurable terms This means that the hypothesis focus on the aspects such as who all would be affected; who are the players in the process and the like. For example, hypothesis, that the product will work correctly for 2 months for small children. A hypothesis is testable in a given or sufficient amount of time This means that the hypothesis is tested within a finite amount of time. An hypothesis which cannot be tested within the finite amount of time will never be tested nor accepted Self Assessment Questions Fill in the blanks A hypothesis is _________ in a given period of ______________ Hypothesis defines __________ in measurable terms Hypothesis should define the ________ between the variables 6.4 Types of Hypothesis Having understood the basic terminology of hypothesis let us now discuss the types of hypothesis. Though we have just scratched the types of hypothesis, let us now go deeper into the detail of types of hypothesis. Hypothesis are of various types. Some of them are discussed below Null hypothesis Alternate hypothesis Simple Hypothesis Complex hypothesis Null Hypothesis This hypothesis is formulated when the statistician believes that there is no relationship between two variables or when there is insufficient information to formulate a state a research hypothesis. It is denoted by H0 Alternate hypothesis This hypothesis is the opposite of Null hypothesis. it is formulated then the researcher believes that there is sufficient information to believe that there is relationship between the variables. It is represented as H1 or H µ Simple hypothesis This hypothesis predicts the relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable. Both the variables must be single variables    Complex hypothesis This hypothesis is used to predict the relationship between two or more independent variables and two or more dependent variables Examples of different types of Hypothesis Health related education programmes influence the number of people who smoke Newspapers affects peoples living standard Absenteeism in classes affects exam scores Lower levels of exercise is responsible for increase in weight Self Assessment Questions True or False Complex hypothesis is used to predict the relationship between two or more independent variable with two or more dependent variables Alternate hypothesis is opposite to null hypothesis 6.5 Hypothesis Testing Having understood the various types of hypothesis let us dwell on the important point of hypothesis testing. As stated above hypothesis means that we verify the claim on the larger unit based on the data and the results obtained by performing statistical tests on the data. let us now look at the steps involved in the testing of hypothesis. the following are the steps : Describe in a statement about the population characteristic for which the hypotheses is to be tested State the null hypothesis and depict as Ho State the alternative hypothesis depict it as H1 or Ha Identify and display the test statistic that will be used Identify the region of rejection region Is it on the upper, lower, or on the two-tailed test Determine the critical value that will be associated as a, the level of significance at which the test is to be conducted Compute the quantities in the test statistic State the conclusion based on the computed statistics meaning that it is now to be decided as to whether reject the null hypothesis, Ho, or accept the alternate hypothesis. The conclusion is dependent on the level of significance of the test. Figure 1 provides a graphical view of the steps involved in the testing of hypothesis Figure 1 Steps involved in the testing of hypothesis 6.6 Difference between Null Hypothesis and Alternative Hypothesis In the previous units we have understood the basics of null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis, let us now discuss the difference between these types of hypothesis. the following are the differences Null hypothesis is used to describe the prediction while alternative hypothesis describes other possible outcomes. For example, if we predict A is related to B which is null hypothesis while the alternative hypothesis will be A is not related to B meaning that A can be teacher of B, A can be mentor of B and so on The alternative hypothesis can be negative but it does not necessarily mean a negation of null hypothesis but rather that it is a measure of finding out whether the null hypothesis is true or not meaning that whether it should be accepted or it should be rejected Alternative hypothesis provides an opportunity to look at other things and other possibilities where as null hypothesis provides the presence or absence of the same meaning that when we deal with null hypothesis our focus becomes restricted while in the case of alternative hypothesis our focus needs to be wider 6.7 Decision Rule Decision rules are the procedures that enable us to determine whether the findings of the observed samples are in sharp contradiction i.e. there is significant difference from the results that were expected and which will thus help us to decide whether to accept or reject hypotheses are called rules of decision or simply decision rules. Let us take an example in order to illustrate what has been said with regard to decision rule. Suppose that we toss a coin 50 times and get head 42 times and if we had the null hypothesis that the coir is fair. Now in this scenario, there is sufficient reason to believe that the coin is biased based on the output obtained although we may be wrong in this manner. In the current scenario, the observations are saying something else in comparison to our hypothesis, hence, we are in a dilemma as to accept or reject the hypothesis. Procedures , which assist us in deciding whether to accept or reject the hypothesis when there is significant difference between the observed and the stated are know an Decision Rules. Type I and Type II errors It is in situations like the above, that we may commit errors or mistakes which are classified as Type I or Type II errors. Type I error is when we reject the hypothesis when it should have been accepted Type II error is when we accept a hypothesis when it should have been rejected From the above definitions, in both the cases a wrong decision has been made. Hence, it becomes imperative that we need to minimize the errors while making decisions. Level of Significance While testing the given hypothesis the maximum risk that we can take for Type I error is called the level of signi ¬Ã‚ cance of the test. This is denoted by Greek letter Alpha ÃŽÂ ±. It is decided before hand so that they do not influence the choice of our decisions. 6.8 Two tailed and one tailed tests In order to understand the concept of two tailed and one tailed tests, consider the following scenario. Let us have a null hypothesis H0  and an alternative hypothesis H1. We want to conduct the test and determine whether we should reject the null hypothesis in favour of alternative hypothesis. Thus, we have two different types of test which can be performed viz. One Tailed test and Two Tailed test One-tailed  test seeks to look for an increase or decrease in the parameter under consideration while two-tailed  test seeks to look for any change in the parameter We can carry out the test at any level 1%, 5% or 10% are the common levels. For example, when we perform the test at a 5% level it means that there is a 5% chance of wrongly rejecting H0 that is null hypothesis on the other hand If we perform the test at the 5% level and decide to reject the null hypothesis, we say that there is a significant evidence at 5% to suggest that the hypothesis is false. One-Tailed Test For the one tailed test we choose a critical region. In a one-tailed test, the critical region will have one part. If the sample value lies in this region, we will reject the null hypothesis in favour of the alternative On the other hand , if we want to look for definite decrease. Then the critical region will be to the left. Example Suppose we are given that in a  Poisson distribution  and we want to test hypothesis on the mean,  based upon a sample of observation 3. Suppose the hypotheses are: H0:  l  = 9   H1:  l   We want to test if it is reasonable for the value observed to be 3 to have been derived from Poisson distribution with having a parameter value of 9. What is the probability that the value as low as 3 has come from a Poisson distribution have the value 9? P(X  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 3) = 0.0212 (this has been obtained from Poisson table) The probability is less than 0.05, which means that there is less than a 5% chance that the value has come from a Poisson(3) distribution. The null hypothesis should be rejected in favour of the alternative at the 5% level. Two-Tailed Test In a two-tailed test, we look for either an increase or a decrease. Hence, for example, H0  might be that the mean is equal to 9 (as before). This time, however, H1  would be that the mean is not equal to 9. So, In this case, therefore, the critical region has two parts: Example Lets test the parameter p of a  Binomial distribution  at the 10% level. Suppose a coin is tossed 10 times and we get 7 heads. We want to test whether or not the coin is fair. If the coin is fair, p = 0.5 . Put this as the null hypothesis: H0: p = 0.5 H1: p à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚   0.5 Because this is a 2-tailed test, the critical region also has two parts. Half of the critical region is to in the right and other half is in the left. So the critical region contains both the top 5% of the distribution and the bottom 5% of the distribution (as we are testing at the 10% level). If H0  is true, X ~ Bin(10, 0.5). If the null hypothesis is true, what is the probability that X is 7 or above? P(X à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥ 7) = 1 P(X Is this in the critical region? No- because the probability that X is at least 7 is not less than 0.05 (5%), which is what we need it to be. So there is no significant evidence to reject the null hypothesis at 10% level of significance 6.9 Procedure of Hypothesis testing Having understood the basics of hypothesis, let us now dwell on the procedure which is to be followed in the testing of hypothesis. The following are the steps that are to be followed. State null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis State the level of significance. This gives us the tabulated values Select the appropriate test Calculate the required values for the test Conduct the test Draw the conclusions 6.10 Summary A hypothesis is necessary in todays business world as the managers are required to take decisions and they need to have a starting point Hypothesis is widely used in the conduct of market surveys The concept of sample and population is widely used in the testing of hypothesis Hypothesis is a unit of inferential statistics Hypothesis is based on reasoning which appears to be justified Null hypothesis is formed when there is n relationship between the variables Alternative hypothesis is the reverse of null hypothesis Decisions rules provide the basis for accepting the or rejecting the hypothesis Type I error is when we reject the hypothesis when it should have been accepted Type II error is when we accept the hypothesis when we should have rejected it 6.11 Terminal Questions What is the significance of hypothesis testing? What is meant by Type I and Type II errors? Explain with examples What is the difference between Null hypothesis and Alternative hypothesis? Explain the steps involved in the testing of hypothesis. 6.12 Answers Self Assessment Questions True False True Testable Time Variables Relationship True True 6.13 Suggested Reading Books Testing statistical hypothesis, Lehmann, Joseph Hypothesis testing with SPSS, Jim Mirabella Fundamentals of Statistics, Michael Sullivan Fundamentals of Statistics, S.C. Gupta Fundamentals of Statistics, Trueman Lee Kelly Introductory Probability And Statistical Applications, Meyer Fundamental of Statistics, Vol II, Goon, Gupta and Dagupta An Outline of Statistical Theory, Vol I, Goon, Gupta and Dagupta A Basic Course in Statistics, Clarke, Geoffrey and Cooke, John Wiley Sons Basic Statistics, Nagar Das Quantitative Techniques for Decision Making, Anand Sharma Statistics for economists: A beginning, John E. Floyd The Elements of Statistical Learning, Trevor Hastie, Jerome Friedman. Introduction to Statistical Thought, Michael Lavine Web Resources en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_hypothesis_testing www.slideshare.net/vikramlawand/test-of-hypothesis www.sagepub.com/upm-data/40007_Chapter8.pdf www.iasri.res.in/ebook//2/4-TEST%20OF%20HYPOTHESIS.pdf www.math.uah.edu/stat/hypothesis/index.html www.angelfire.com/wv/bwhomedir/notes/z_and_t_tests.pdf www.20bits.com/article/hypothesis-testing-the-basics www.amstat.org/publications/jse/v11n3/java/Hypothesis/ math.bu.edu/people/nkatenka/MA113/Lecture_10_Notes.pdf www.pstcc.edu/facstaff/jwlamb/Math1530/7.2rvsd.ppt 6.14 Glossary Aggregate  It is the collection of small units which results in one complete entity. For example the aggregation of the total inhabitants of towns and villages and mega cities results in the population of the country Alpha Level  The probability that the statistical test will find difference between the groups which is significant when there are none. This is also termed as the probability of making a Type I error or as the significance level of statistical test. Alternative Hypothesis  The hypothesis that states that there is some difference between two or more groups. It is the alternative to null hypothesis, which states that there is no difference among the groups. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)  A test that determines whether the means of two or more groups is significantly different. Association  It is a type of relationship between objects or variables. Average  A single value which may be mean, median or mode and represents the typical, normal, or the middle value of a given set of data. Axiom  A statement widely accepted as truth. Bell-Shaped Curve  A curve which is the characteristic of a normal distribution, which is symmetrical about the mean. The area under the normal curve is 1.0. Beta Level  It is the probability of making an error due to the result of the chance variations when in actuality they are due to the differences of the result of the experimental manipulation or intervention. It is also referred to as the probability of making a Type II error. Bias  They are the influences that contribute to the distortions of the results Categorical Data  They are also referred to as the nominal data. They are for indicative purpose only Causal Analysis  An analysis that seeks to establish the cause and effect relationships between variables. Central Tendency  A measure that describes the central characteristic of the distribution. Comparability  It is the quality of two or more entities that are to be evaluated for their similarity and differences. Confidence Interval  A range of estimated values that provides the best estimate regarding the populations values. Confidence Level  It is the percentage which represents the number of times that a confidence interval will include the true population value. Consistency  It is the process in which similar responses are demonstrated throughout the activity / event. Constant  It is the value which does not change Descriptive Statistics  It is the basic statistics that is used to describe and summarize data. Focus Group  An interview conducted with a small group of people, all at one time, to explore ideas on a particular topic. Multivariate Analysis  It is the analysis of several independent variable on the dependent variable. Mutually Exclusive  It is when the happening of an event does not disturb or alters the happening of another event. for example, in tossing of coin, the appearance of head is mutually exclusive to the appearance of tail as any one of them say head, does not allow the other to happen simultaneously. Nominal Scale  It is a scale that allows for classifying of elements into several mutually exclusive categories which are based on defined features but no numeric. They are just used for identification purposes. For example, the shirts worn by players in a football match. The number on the shirts represent the identification of the player only. Normal Curve  It is the curve, which is bell shaped in structure. It is formed when the data having normal distribution is plotted. Normal Distribution  It is the distribution that describes a frequency distribution comprising of data points which resembles a bell shape structure. The normal distribution shows important properties that are necessary for performing various statistical tests for different types of applications. Null Hypothesis  It is the hypothesis that states that there is no difference among and between the groups. It is in sharp contrast to alternative hypothesis that states that between two or more groups there is some difference Observation Unit  It is the actual unit which is subjected to observation during the course of study. 6.15 Case study Let us assume that a manufacturer of the light bulbs wants to produce bulbs with a mean life of 1000 hours If the lifetime is shorter, he/ she will lose customers to his / her competitors; if the lifetime is longer, he / she will have a very high production cost because the filaments will be excessively thick. In order to see whether the production process is working properly a sample of the output is taken to test the hypothesis A two tailed test is used because he / she does not want to deviate significantly from 1000 hours in either direction. Therefore the null hypothesis is rejected.

World Production Of Rum English Literature Essay

World Production Of Rum English Literature Essay The oldest and the most varied distilled spirit are known as rum. Rum is distilled from the extracts of the sugar cane plant or the by-product of sugar cane known as molasses. Rum is an aged spirit which is usually aged in charred oak casks for a period of 30 years which is in cases of a few authentic brands but is usually aged for a period of 15 years and below. Rum that is aged in charred oak casks get a golden to dark brown colour because of the oak casks. Rums which are aged in stainless steel tanks remain colourless. Rums vary from place to place depending on the tradition that they followed. Rum thats originate from Puerto rico have a golden colour are light bodied and are aged for minimum 3 years while on the other side rums that originate from Jamaica are dark rum which are naturally fermented for a period of 3 weeks and are distilled twice in pot stills and are aged minimum for 5 years in oak casks. The majority of the world production of rum takes place in the Caribbean and Latin America which also include a few other countries. Rum is also produced by Australia, New Zealand, and Fiji islands, Mexico, India and Canada. The federal law states that rum should be distilled from the fermented products of sugar cane like sugar cane juice, sugar cane syrup or the by product or sugar cane which is molasses at less than 190 proof. Dark rums are usually consumed neat or with a mixed while light rums are used to make cocktails. 2.2 billion dollars were generated in 2009 in the United States because of the sales of rum. HISTORY OF RUM The origin of rum dates back to the ancient times. Fermented sugar cane juice is believed to be first developed in ancient India or china. It is believed that rum originated in the island of Barbados. Brazil also started rum production in 1620s. It was discovered by the people who planted sugar cane that the by-product of sugar cane which is molasses can be fermented into alcohol. The distillation process changed later in order to make the alcohol more concentrated and remove the impurities that were present. The Spanish and English have played an important role in distilling sugar cane throughout the West Indies. HISTORY OF RUM IN JAMAICA In Jamaica sugar cane and the distilling process dates back to the 15th century. Jamaica has the perfect climate, fertile soil, spring water which is filtered by limestone. Jamaica became the producer of one of the finest rums because of their climatic conditions. The English use to transport rum back to England in barrels and they discovered that the amount of time the rum spent in the barrel along with the rocking of the ship gave a finer and smoother tasting rum. HOW RUM GOT ITS NAME The first recorded name of this alcohol was kill devil hills because of its alcohol properties. Island of Barbados used the name kill devil hills till the nineteenth century. Early 1650s a new name emerged called rumbullion which was later shortened to rum. Rumbustion was another term that was used for rum during the 17th century. A similar word to rum was rummage. Rummage was the place in ships where rum was stored in the ship for long journeys across the Atlantic. Number of theories suggests that rum got its name from the latin word of sugarcane which was saccharum officinarum. PROCESSES OF RUM RUM BASED ON RAW MATERIALS USED Sugarcane juice: French rums are usually made of 100% sugarcane juice which is fermented and then aged. Rums which are made with 100% sugarcane contain high level of herbal aromas and are totally different from molasses based rums. Molasses: When sugarcane is processed to make sugar the sugar cane juice is boiled until it starts to form crystals leaving behind a liquid known as molasses. The molasses depends upon how much time the juice is boiled for and how much sugar is extracted from that. The more sugar the better grade of molasses and in turn the best quality rum is produced. RUM BASED ON FERMENTATION METHOD Natural fermentation: natural fermentation is when the distilleries depend on yeast that naturally occurs in the air and also in the sugar cane juice to convert the sugar into alcohol. Natural fermentation takes place in big open containers to expose it to the air and takes about 1 or 2 weeks to ferment. Controlled fermentation (continuous): The most advance method of fermenting is the continuous fermentation process. The continuous fermentation process consists of a fermentation tank that continuously receives diluted molasses because of which the yeast keep converting the sugar into alcohol and it all gets collected which is further distilled. RUM BASED ON DISTILATION METHOD POT STILL Pot still process was the earliest ways of distilling alcohol. A pot still consist of three parts which are the kettle in which the liquid is boiled, the condenser in which the vapours are cooled and the gooseneck that connects the condenser and the kettle. The pot still produces single distillate as the liquid is processed through the pot still just once. The liquid is once again put through the pot still and is known as double distillate. The drawback of the pot still process was the liquid needed to be distilled in batches which was a labour intensive job. The liquid is distilled twice thrice or even four times in order to produce a clearer and stronger spirit. COLUMN STILL Unlike the pot still the column still could process higher amount of alcohol. Column still made the distillation process a lot more consistent. Distillation columns are built in a vertical manner with a number of horizontal trays placed at different levels inside the column. The liquid is introduced from the top of the column while steam is introduced at the lowest level. As the liquid flows down from the column it is heated by the steam that is being produced and the alcohol gets vaporized while the liquid that flows down is called wash and contains no alcohol. The steam is collected from the top of the column which is then allowed to cool down which in turn is spirit. Several column stills can operate one feeding the next in order to produce a cleaner, stronger and rectified spirit. APPLETON ESTATE HISTORY OF THE APPLETON ESTATE The rum production at the Appleton estate dates back to 1749 while the origin of the estate dates back to the 1655 when the British captured Jamaica from the Spaniards. Frances Dickson served in the British conquest and it was believed that the land was rewarded to Frances for his services. Frances grandsons were the very first owners of the Appleton estate. The year 1845 was when the ownership changed from the Dickson family to William hill. William hill owned the estate for a short period of time and the ownership changed from William hill to A.McDowell Nathan. McDowell Nathan was the most successful merchant in Jamaica. He died in the massive earthquake which occurred in 1907 and the Appleton estate was acquired by J.Wray and Nephew ltd. J.Wray and Nephew ltd continue to own the Appleton estate and produce the finest rums in the country. The Appleton estate is an 11000 acre estate situated in the Nassau valley. The Nassau valley is a part of Jamaicas cockpit country. The valley has a special limestone formation which is known as the cockpit karst which was formed many years ago. The estate is the only estate in the world that has a cockpit karst and shares the same soil and climatic conditions as the Nassau valley. UNIQUE APPROACH OF APPLETON RUM The Appleton estate that produces rum has been producing exceptional quality rum since the past 260 years. Till today the team of experts that are present at the Appleton estate follow the same tradition of handcrafting their Jamaican rum. The climate of Jamaica is ideal for the cultivation of sugar cane. The Appleton estate grows sugar cane on their 11000 acre plot back in Jamaica. The natural resources add to the taste and character of the rum. During the fermentation process the estate uses spring water which originates from the estate itself. The spring water is filtered through the limestone hill of the cockpit country. The estate uses special natural yeast in the fermenting process which has been handed down from the origin of the rum estate; the natural yeast which is used in the fermentation process contributes to the exclusive taste and aroma of the Appleton estate rum Appleton estate rums follow a small batch pot distillation method which is being followed since the estate started producing rum. Jamaican rum differs from other rums because of the blend of rum is done in a unique copper pot stills and column stills. The distillation process is slow in order to give the rum flavour and the character. After the fermentation process and the distillation comes the ageing of the rum which is done in a unique manner at the Appleton estate. The rums are aged in oak barrels, as the rums mature the rum transforms into a smooth mellow spirit which has unique flavours of vanilla, cocoa, coffee and hazelnut. The maturing process gives the rum a golden colour. A number of oak barrels are kept in the ageing warehouse and the rum can only be bottled on the selection of the master blender. Appleton estate rums contain a unique blend of aged rums which are handpicked by the master blender Joy Spence. The rums produced in the estate have an age printed on the label which is a certified genuine minimum aged which is that the rum have been aged in oak barrels for at least those many years which is printed on the label. Rums that is produced at the Appleton estate has a unique blend which makes the rum unique and finest in the world. Every rum produced in the Appleton estate is hand blended to create a special flavour and aroma. After the unique blending process the rum is allowed to rest in order to let the various components to mix with each other to produce a unique blend. DIFFERENT BLENDS OF RUM PRODUCED AT THE APPLETON ESTATE Appleton estate produces a variety of blends which are as follows Appleton Estate V/X Appleton Estate Reserve Appleton Estate 12 Year Old Master Blenders Legacy Appleton Estate 21 Year Old Appleton Estate Exclusive Appleton Estate 30 Year Old Appleton Estate 50 Year Old Jamaica Independence Reserve Appleton Estate V/X The very first blend of the Appleton estate was the Appleton Estate V/X. The Appleton Estate V/X is a multi-award winning blend of 15 choice aged rums. The rum has unique flavour profile and is the best choice for cocktail mixing around the world. The Appleton estate V/X is a gold/honey colour which a clear liquid because of its distillation process. This rum has subtle scents of orange peel, dried apricot, dried fruits, and fresh peach and has got a hint of molasses. The Appleton estate rum tastes sweet, honeyed with taste of marzipan, caramel and brown sugar. Appleton Estate Reserve The Appleton estate reserve is one another very old blend of the Appleton estate in Jamaica. The reserve stock of rum is allowed to mature in oak barrels very carefully and when the rum matured perfectly the master blender hand blends the rum with 20 other aged rums to create unique rum. The Appleton estate reserve was the very first blend which was created by the master blender joy Spence. The Appleton reserve was introduced in 2000 to celebrate the 250th anniversary of the Appleton Estate. The appearance is topaz or honey colour with a gold rim with immaculate purity. The reserve has an aroma of brown sugar, honey with a tinge of orange peel and vanilla. The reserve rum leaves a taste of toasted honey, wheat bread and refined sugar on the palate. Appleton Estate 12 Year Old As the name suggests the appleton estate 12 year old is aged minimum for 12 years in oak cask barrels. The estate 12 year old is rum that shouldnt be added with mixers but consumed straight on the rocks is what is believed by the master blender. The 12 year old rum has a dazzling bright rich bronze colour. The 12 year old rum has an aroma of walnut, nutmeg, orange peel and vanilla that leaves a buttery creamy brown sugar taste on the palate. MASTER BLENDERS LEGACY The special master blenders legacy celebrates three generation of blenders. This particular blend is 30 year old rum which means it has spent 30 years maturing in the oak barrels. The master blender Joy Spence suggests that the special master blender is just the perfect drink with a splash of water and club soda. The master blender rum has a shiny bright topaz or bronze colour with an aroma of baked pear, maple, orange peels with the tinge of ginger and vanilla. The blender legacy rum leave a taste of honey, vanilla and creamy butter on the palate. Appleton Estate 21 Year Old This unique blend is exceptional and has been aged for a minimum period of 21 years in oak barrels. The blend matures over time and only a limited number of bottles are released each year. The Appleton estate 21 year old has a coppery colour with the aroma of vanilla, orange, nutmeg and cocoa. The the 21 year old rum leaves a taste of baked nuts and the taste of molasses with oak on the palate. Appleton Estate Exclusive The Appleton estate exclusive is a unique blend of rums which is distilled at the estate. This particular rum is blended in order to reflect the terroir and the micro climate present at the estate in Jamaica. The perfect blend of the Appleton exclusive assures that every sip of rum has an essence of the rich fertile soil and the spring water which is used to create this exclusive blend. the estate has warm temperatures during the day along with afternoon showers and cool nights which is perfect for the aging of the rum. The uniqueness of the appleton estate is that it grows sugar cane in the estate of appleton along with the slow pot still distillation which imparts a very distinctive flavour to the rum. The appleton estate exclusive looks rich and earthy which reflects the soil on which the sugar cane is grown. The exclusive rum has an aroma of oak, vanilla with some sublle spices and a tinge of orange. The rum leaves behind a taste of fruity sweetness of the sugar cane with the woodiness which is acquired through ageing. Appleton Estate 30 Year Old The Appleton estate 30 year old is limited edition rum. This special edition is a very rare blend of several types of aged rums which are hand selected by the master blender more than 30 years ago. The 30 year old rum is individually aged for 8 years and then re blended and placed in oak barrels once again for another 22 years. Because of the unique process of dual ageing and exceptional spirit is formed which is known world over for its taste character and smoothness. The very rare 30 year old rum are hand crafted by the master blender and only 1440 bottles were released in the year 2009. The rum has a bright and shiny colour of copper. The 30 year old rum has an aroma of baked pear, maple, spices, orange and a tinge of ginger and vanilla. The rum leaves a taste of delicate spices and vanilla on the palate. Appleton Estate 50 Year Old The Appleton estate 50 year old is a very rare limited edition. The 50 year old rum is aged for a period of 50 years in hand selected oak barrels. The Appleton estate 50 year old is believed to be the oldest rum available for sale in the world. In the year 1962 the Appleton estate set down barrels of rum to age so that they could create a very special blend that could be bottled to celebrate the 50th anniversary of Jamaicas independence. The rums were very carefully treated for the 50 years that they were aged. The rum was taken care by the first master blender Owen Tulloch and then by the current master blender Joy Spence to create the exceptional Appleton Estate 50 Year Old Jamaican Rum. The Appleton Estate 50 Year Old Jamaican Rum was launched on June 7, 2012 and was made available in Jamaica just after the launch. Currently the rum is being sold in key markets around the world and in selected duty free shops. Only 800 bottles of this very exclusive blend have been created and only a limited number of bottles are for sale. The bottle approximately costs $5000 USD per 750ml bottle. Appearance: Dark mahogany colour with rich coppery reflection and a very pronounced green ring of aging. Bouquet: Powerful oak infused with rich vanilla and layered with cinnamon, maple and orange peel. ELEMENTS OF DISTINCTION OF THE APPLETON ESTATE The Appleton estate has 7 elements of distinction compared to the other brands. The 7 elements of distinction are: Heritage of the Appleton Estate: The Appleton estate origin dates back to 1749 and has been making the finest rums since its inception. Terroir: the Appleton estate in Jamaica is situated in the Nassau valley. This valley was formed 12 million years ago when Jamaica emerged from the sea because of which the estate has unique weather, climate and soil which influence the taste and aroma of the rum. The valley has a perfect condition for growing sugar cane because of its microclimate that has warm morning and afternoon showers and cool nights. The estate during the fermentation process uses water that originates from the spring in the estate and is filtered through the limestone hills which exists only in the Appleton estate. Pot still: Appleton holds a tradition of handcrafted rum since the past 260 years. The rums are distilled in small batches in copper pots. The pot stills are unique in the estate that gives a very distinctive character to the rum. Exceptional Taste: Spirit competition panels and spirit experts constantly choose rums from the apple estate because of their exceptional taste and smooth finish. The rums produced at the Appleton estate continuously receive awards from international spirit competitions and spirit experts. Great blends and great rums: Appleton estate V/X, Appleton Estate Reserve and the master blenders legacy are made up of several aged blends in order to add to its richness and smoothness. Aging process: Appleton estate 8 year old, 12 year old, and 30 year old and the 5o year old have age statements on their labels. All the age statements are certified genuine which means the rum has been aged in oak barrels for a minimum period of time mentioned on the label. History of the Appleton estate: the Appleton estates origin dates back in the year 1655 when the British captured Jamaica from the Spaniards. The ownership of the estate changed several times but the quality of the rum remained the same. Legacy of blending: the rum produced in the estate is distinctive because of its unique climatic condition. The rums are blended by the master blender joy Spence. Joy Spence has over 25 year of experience in creating and blending the finest rums in the world. Including a term of 16 years studying under the previous master blender Owen Tulloch. Joy Spence and her team possess vast knowledge and skill in the art of creating and blending and maintaining the consistency and quality which is produced out of the Appleton estate. THE MAKERS OF THE APPLETON RUMS Master Blender Joy Spence The master blender at the Appleton estate rum is Joy Spence. Joy Spence is the first woman to hold such a position in the spirit industry. AWARDS AND RECOGNITIONS The Appleton estate rum tour is a major tourist destination in the island of Jamaica. All the rums that have been produced at the Appleton estate in Jamaica are award winning and have performed well at international spirit competitions. The Appleton estate 12 year old was awarded 96/100 rating at the 2008 wine enthusiast competition. Appleton rum and Wray and nephew White Over Proof Rum have been awarded a Grand Gold Award at the 2011 world quality selections. Wray Nephew White Over Proof Rum has been honoured the International High Quality Trophy for consistently turning in gold and Grand Gold Award. CONCLUSION

Digital Rights Mischief :: Ethics

Digital Rights Mischief Imagine a world where media is kept privately. A world in which the books you read and the music you listen to is as protected as your social security number – maybe even more so. What if someone asked to borrow your laptop, the very place you kept your media? â€Å"This put Dan in a dilemma. He had to help her – but if he lent her his computer, she might read his books. Aside from the fact that you could go to prison for many years for letting someone else read your books, the very idea shocked him at first. Like everyone, he had been taught since elementary school that sharing books was nasty and wrong – something that only pirates would do.† Thus begins a short story by Richard Stallman, who paints a very bleak future of the technologies we have today. Yet the gradual way this society became so controlled begins with a single step. That step is digital rights management. Digital rights management, DRM, and Trusted Computing, TC, infringe upon consu mers’ rights and should be met with public boycott. DRM and TC limit rights by controlling digital media. In order to control content, DRM and TC use a computer identification system to verify a user’s right to use media. The Electronic Privacy Information Center defines DRM as systems that â€Å"restrict the use of digital files in order to protect the interests of copyright holders.† DRM systems can control many aspects of the usability of a particular file. They can limit portability, the ability to share or print a file. They can control access, the ability to read, write, or save a file. DRM systems commonly use one of two methods to achieve control. Encryption protects files from outside sources, giving only authorized software access to a file. This authorized software will then follow the policies set forth by the DRM system. The other method, marking, is a way of telling software to treat the file as protected. This works best in proprietary systems where only a few applications can read a particular f ile. Both methods then enforce rules that the DRM system applies to the file. Generally these include determining the identity of the computer trying to access the file, often using a unique numbering scheme. Digital Rights Mischief :: Ethics Digital Rights Mischief Imagine a world where media is kept privately. A world in which the books you read and the music you listen to is as protected as your social security number – maybe even more so. What if someone asked to borrow your laptop, the very place you kept your media? â€Å"This put Dan in a dilemma. He had to help her – but if he lent her his computer, she might read his books. Aside from the fact that you could go to prison for many years for letting someone else read your books, the very idea shocked him at first. Like everyone, he had been taught since elementary school that sharing books was nasty and wrong – something that only pirates would do.† Thus begins a short story by Richard Stallman, who paints a very bleak future of the technologies we have today. Yet the gradual way this society became so controlled begins with a single step. That step is digital rights management. Digital rights management, DRM, and Trusted Computing, TC, infringe upon consu mers’ rights and should be met with public boycott. DRM and TC limit rights by controlling digital media. In order to control content, DRM and TC use a computer identification system to verify a user’s right to use media. The Electronic Privacy Information Center defines DRM as systems that â€Å"restrict the use of digital files in order to protect the interests of copyright holders.† DRM systems can control many aspects of the usability of a particular file. They can limit portability, the ability to share or print a file. They can control access, the ability to read, write, or save a file. DRM systems commonly use one of two methods to achieve control. Encryption protects files from outside sources, giving only authorized software access to a file. This authorized software will then follow the policies set forth by the DRM system. The other method, marking, is a way of telling software to treat the file as protected. This works best in proprietary systems where only a few applications can read a particular f ile. Both methods then enforce rules that the DRM system applies to the file. Generally these include determining the identity of the computer trying to access the file, often using a unique numbering scheme.

The Character of Marco in A View from the Bridge Essay -- View from th

The Character of Marco in A View from the Bridge After reading Arthur Miller's play "A view from the bridge," I am convinced that the most striking character is Marco. He is an Italian immigrant that moved illegally to the United States with his brother Rodolpho to work as longshoremen, since at the time (the play was written in 1955) his country of origin, Italy, was going through a major economic depression because of the outcome of World War II. In the play, we are told that Marco's plan is to make enough money to survive and be able to send some of that money to his wife and his three kids back in Italy, who are starving. Marco physically resembles the Sicilian stereotype, with dark skin and dark hair. He is also very strong and he could easily "load the whole ship by himself."(pg.541) In this play, the author uses plot, dialog, actions and symbolism to emphasize Marco's honor which, in my opinion, is his prominent characteristic. Throughout the play, we can clearly see that the plot helps us develop Marco's character in our imagination. For example, he is an illegal alien, and this might give the reader a less honorable view of him, and it might justify Eddie's action. But the fact that Marco left his family to give them support and to save his oldest son who is "sick in the chest," (pg. 535) makes the reader forget about his illegal stay and makes his status rise to the one of a hero. In this play, Marco's actions lead us to the discovery of a violent side which he uses to defend his honor in a number of occasions. For example, when he challenges Eddie to lift... ...e for mocking Rodolpho. But only in the second act his character is fully exposed and we see his image transform into a round character. In this play, Marco is portrayed as the victim, since he hasn't done anything to Eddie but he still gets arrested. In addition, although his brother Rodolpho gets away with it by marrying Catherine, he has no other choice but to go back to his hungry wife and sick children in Italy. This thoughts, and knowing that Eddie has no regrets for what he has done makes him furious, and at the end of the play he seeks revenge. I belive this play would not be complete without this character. If Marco would have not existed, it would have left Eddie unpunished and alive, and this would be in conflict with the very conception of drama which drives this works.

origins of the american traditions :: essays research papers

The origins of the traditions held by the population of American started from the time that this land was first set foot on by the human species and was compounded throughout the rest of time. The immigrants, and slaves expanded up on the traditions of the original settlers. And along with those they brought their own religions and cultures that also added to the traditions of this country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Long before the Europeans ever set foot on to the fair soil, people from Asia came to the land that now makes up the Americans. They came by crossing the land and ice bridge once located across the Bering Strait between the Alaska and Russia. This location is now submerged by water. The exact date of the first human arrivals in America is unknown but estimated to be range from twenty thousand to fifty thousand years ago. The Asians that made the trip across the land bridge are the predecessors of the Native Americans that were located in the Americas as the Europeans began to arrive. If the features are compared between these two the similarities are striking and the facts behind this theory become ever more prevalent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Native Americans that were Descendants of the Asian populated North, Central, and South America creating a large variety of cultures. In the late fifteenth century, there were perhaps 240 distinct Native American cultures just in North America alone with a population estimated at between one to two million people. Although these two million people varied greatly in there social cultures, government, economic systems, and others aspects of their life, they shared between them a common respect for and connection with the natural world. Were as the Europeans encroaching upon their land tended only to look at the natural world as something to be subdues owned and used for personal gain.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The First Europeans to arrive in America are believed to be Norse sailors from Scandinavia. Leif Ericsson, son of Eric the red who settled Greenland, established a brief settlement in current day Canada around the year one thousand. After this brief settlement the Europeans did not return for nearly five hundred years on a misguided voyage not in tended for the Americas but for the Orient. This discovery was made by the Italian Explorer Christopher Columbus, who had the misconception that he had reached India when he had made land fall on the present-day island of th4e Bahamas, henceforth the natives whom he met being called â€Å"Indians†.

Hawthorne Effect

History and definition of Hawthorne EffectThe Hawthorne Effect is a psychological phenomenon that refers to the effect on a person’s or group behavior when they know they are being observed (Last, 2002). The Hawthorne Effect is commonly beneficial, as the person or group tend to improve behaviors or increase productivity when under observation (Last, 2002). The Hawthorne Effect was first recorded at the General Electric manufacturing plant in Hawthorne, Illinois, where a set of studies was being conducted (Last, 2002).These studies were conducted during the 1920’s, seeking to answer if better lighting enhanced workers productivity (List & Levitt, 2011). As a result, they observed that regardless of the conditions, rest periods or work days the women working there worked harder and more efficiently while the research was conducted, concluding with the emergence of the concept that is now known as The Hawthorne Effect (List & Levitt 2011). Example of Hawthorne EffectWhy i s it important for researchers to know about this?Many types of research use human research subjects, and the Hawthorne Effect is unavoidable bias that the researcher must try to take into account when they analyze the results. Subjects are always liable to modify behavior when they are aware they are part of an experiment, and this is extremely difficult to quantify. The researcher needs to know about the effect; where it can be factored into the design. If a group is isolated from their work colleagues, for the purpose of research, the individual attention and the normal human instinct to feel â€Å"chosen†, will skew the results.Researchers  argue that the Hawthorne Effect does not exist or is, at best, the placebo effect under another name. Others postulate that it is the demand effect, where subjects subconsciously change their behavior to fit the expected results of an experiment.â€Å"http://explorable.com/hawthorne-effect†

Analysis of a Print Advertisement and a Television Commercial

Print advertizings argon used by marketers to go advertising salutes with an aim of influencing the manner in which consumers or buyers view themselves. This creates a psychological appeal whereby buyers view buying of certain produces as beneficial to them. Print advertisements greatly find out the buying decisions of the consumers. The Tripwire Magazine contains car advertisements that gaining control the attention of the reader and arouses emotions that perk up them entrust to get more(prenominal) about the cars.The psychological and mixers needs of an individual are elicit by an aroused appeal that motivates consumers to make certain purchases (Betonio, 2011). Therefore, advertisers capitalize on the turned on(p) appeal supported with logic in target advertisements to ensure consumers personal and social needs are captured the advertisements influencing the buyers purchase behaviors.The Samsung 46 digital TV LCD (LIQUID watch crystal DISPLAY) display appeared in a T V commercial with an emphasis on output features such as the advanced cooling, all-night operation, the high, gloss piano black finish, and the caliber display resolution capturing consumers emotions through its emotional appeal. The advertisement used a slanted sculpture to show the commercial cross television and its other distinguishing features.In my opinion, they used this colourful art to attract the attention of the costumers and make them believe that they are buying something more than a simple Television thats why they mentioned at the end of the advertisement is it art or television? The ad also thrills the consumer when it illustrates how the Samsung 46 digital TV LCD captivates its viewers with professional displays that pass a flexible, engaging and an interactive flair to channel a message across.In conclusion, print advertisements or TV commercials are effective advertising tools and are aimed at fashioning a psychological appeal to consumers by attracting , holding as well as making them focus their attention on the product arousing an interest to possess it. This creates a positive image to those who purchase the product increasing the need to own one.